The modified Valsalva maneuver in hypopharynx CT scan / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To analyze the significance and factors influencing of CT scan under the modified Valsalva maneuver. Methods:Clinical data of 52 patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed from August 2021 to December 2022 were collected, all patients had calm breathing CT scan and modified Valsalva maneuver CT scan. Compare the exposure effect of the aryepiglottic fold, interarytenoid fold, postcricoid area, piriform fossa apex, posterior hypopharyngeal wall, and glottis with each CT scanning method. The effects of age, neck circumference, neck length, BMI, tumor site, and T stage on the exposure effect were analyzed. Results:In 52 patients, 50 patients（96.15%） completed CT scan at once time. The exposure effect of the CT scan under modified Valsalva maneuver in the aryepiglottic fold, interarytenoid fold, postcricoid area, piriform fossa apex, posterior hypopharyngeal wall was significantly better than CT scan under calm breathing（Z=-4.002, -8.026, -8.349, -7.781, -8.608, all P<0.01）, while CT scan under modified Valsalva maneuver was significantly worse in glottis than CT scan under calm breathing（Z=-3.625, P<0.01）. In the modified Valsalva CT scan, age had no obvious effect on the exposure effect. The exposure effect was better with long neck length, smaller neck circumference, smaller BMI and smaller T stage. The exposure of postcricoid carcinoma was better than pyriform sinus carcinoma and posterior hypopharyngeal wall carcinoma. But differences were not all statistically significant. Conclusion:The anatomical structure of the hypopharynx was clearly under CT scan with modified Valsalva maneuver, which clinical application is simple, but the effect of glottis was worse. The influence of age, neck circumference, neck length, BMI, and tumor T stage on the exposure effect still needs further investigation.

Case control study on the risk factors of primary open angle glaucoma in China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study is to comprehensively explore the risk factors of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two groups of data based on distinct resources were analyzed to explore the risk factors of POAG. One group of data was based on hospital records between 1995 and 2000 which composed of 107 patients with POAG and 149 controls without POAG. The other group of data was based on 40 patients with POAG and 120 matched controls without POAG. The former was designed by non-matched case control study, the latter was done by 1:3 matched case control study. The relationships between POAG and the factors such as age, sex, family history, diabetes, hypertension, intraocular pressure (IOP), cardiovascular diseases, smoking, drinking and mutation of TIGR gene were studied by logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The simple factor analysis showed that the risk of POAG was related to age, family history, hypertension, IOP, cardiovascular diseases, smoking, drinking and the mutation of TIGR gene (T353I). However, logistic regression analysis confirmed that POAG mainly related to IOP, family history, hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake and the mutation of TIGR gene.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The most important risk factor of POAG was IOP. Family history, hypertension, smoking and the mutation of TIGR gene were also important risk factors of POAG. However, alcohol intake was a protective factor for POAG.</p>