ABSTRACT
Sedation-analgesia is one of the key components of the treatment of critical ill children in PICU.Although there are many subjective sedation assessment methods, the mechanism of different sedative drugs is diverse, so there isn′t a recognized gold standard for sedation assessment up to now.Based on the results from clinical studies regarding sedation and analgesia in critical ill children at home and abroad, this review mainly summarized the progress of clinical research on sedation and analgesia in critical ill children, focusing on the analysis of the relationship between the assessment methods, such as bispectral index and the entropy, and the prognosis of critical ill children.
ABSTRACT
Facial paralysis is a frequently-occurring disease, which causes the loss of the voluntary muscles on one side of the face due to the damages the facial nerve and results in an inability to close the eye and leads to dropping of the angle of the mouth. There have been few objective methods to quantitatively diagnose it and assess this disease for clinically treating the patients so far. The skin temperature distribution of a healthy human body exhibits a contralateral symmetry. Facial paralysis usually causes an alteration of the temperature distribution of body with the disease. This paper presents the use of the histogram distance of bilateral local binary pattern (LBP) in the facial infrared thermography to measure the asymmetry degree of facial temperature distribution for objective assessing the severity of facial paralysis. Using this new method, we performed a controlled trial to assess the facial nerve function of the healthy subjects and the patients with Bell's palsy respectively. The results showed that the mean sensitivity and specificity of this method are 0.86 and 0.89 respectively. The correlation coefficient between the asymmetry degree of facial temperature distribution and the severity of facial paralysis is an average of 0.657. Therefore, the histogram distance of local binary pattern in the facial infrared thermography is an efficient clinical indicator with respect to the diagnosis and assessment of facial paralysis.