ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo systematically review the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on executive function for healthy children and adolescents, and delineate the factors related to the intervention outcome. MethodsLiterature about the effect of HIIT on executive functions for healthy children and adolescent was retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Google Scholar, and CNKI, up to July 31st, 2023. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and relevant data were systematically reviewed. ResultsFifteen researches were included, from nine countries, comprising 13 randomized controlled trials with the scores of PEDro scale from five to eight, involving 17 021 participants aged six to 18 years. They were published mainly from 2016 to 2023. The primary factors related to the intervention outcome were the age of participants, HIIT intervention programs, and work-to-rest ratio. HIIT significantly improved working memory and inhibitory control in healthy children, while it was limited for adolescents. ConclusionHIIT can significantly improve inhibitory control and working memory in healthy children. Key factors related to the intervention outcomes include the age of participants and the specifics of the HIIT program, etc.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To prepare nanoparticles able to be used in early diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma (Rb), and to evaluate the in vitro ultrasound imaging capability and photothermal effect. Methods: Nanoparticles containing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) shell, FeIII-tannic acid (FeIIITA), paclitaxel (PTX) and perflenapent (PFP) were prepared by double emulsification. The particle size, potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading rate were measured. The temperature and ultrasound signal change were evaluated after 808 nm near-infrared laser (1 W/cm2, 5 min) irradiation, and the phase transition of nanoparticles was observed under light microscope. Moreover, the biosafety of FeIIITA/PLGA/PFP nanoparticles was assessed in vitro. The following experimental groups were established according to different types of nanoparticles, i.e. control group, laser group, FeIIITA/PLGA/PTX/PFP (FPTP) group, FeIIITA/PLGA/PTX/PFP+laser (FPTP+laser) group as well as different concentrations of nanoparticles (0, 0.250, 0.500, 1.000 g/L) in FPTP+laser group. The killing effects on Y79 cells in all aforementioned groups were evaluated after irradiation for 5 minutes. Results: FeIIITA/PLGA/PTX/PFP nanoparticles were successfully prepared, the average particle size of nanoparticles was (155.8±55.68) nm and the mean surface charge was (-27.3±5.14) mV. Gray core with black FeIIITA coated nanoparticles could be seen under transmission electron microscope. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading rate of particles was (70.89±8.03)% and (9.61±0.63)%, respectively. In addition, temperature increased when applying irradiation in vitro and positively correlated with the concentration of nanoparticles. Moreover, the ultrasonic signals in B-mode and imaging-mode enhanced with increasing concentration of nanoparticles. The killing effect against Y79 in FPTP+laser group was stronger than that of control group, laser group and FTTP group in vitro, positively correlated with the concentration of nanoparticles. Conclusion: The phase changeable nanoparticles loaded with FeIII-tannic acid and PFP were successfully prepared and possessed excellent photothermal effect and ultrasound imaging effect along with a robust killing effect on Y79 cells, being expected to realize the integrated approach in diagnosis and treatment of Rb.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the correlation between antithrombotic strategy and its prognostic value in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients combining with atrial ifbrillation (AF) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 570 CAD patients with AF received PCI in our hospital from 2012-01 to 2013-12 were retrospectively analyzed by CHADS2 and HAS-BLED Score system. According to CHADS2 Results: Compared with Low risk of stroke group, the patients in High risk of stroke group had the worse prognosis and higher rate of MACCE occurrence,P0.05. The major bleeding events in patients with warfarin were a little higher than those without warfarin,P>0.05. The minor bleeding events were increased in both Low risk stroke group asP Conclusion: Warfarin medication may obviously decrease the occurrence rates of MACCE and ischemic events in high risk of stroke patients, while in low risk patients, warfarin could not further decrease the occurrence of MACCE and ischemic events. Warfarin could increase the risk for minor bleeding in both low risk and high risk of stroke in CAD patients combining with AF after PCI.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation between incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and thyroid dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients with stable angina pectoris with thyroid function test results hospitalized at Fuwai Hospital from 2011 Jan to 2011 Dec were included in this analysis (n = 2 541). General clinical data and related biochemical parameters were analyzed. We divided patients into 5 subgroups according to TSH levels: <0.55 mIU/L (n = 105), 0.55-2.49 mIU/L (n = 1599), 2.50-4.77 mIU/L (n = 621), 4.78-9.99 mIU/L (n = 180), >10.00 mIU/L (n = 36).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 157 patients were diagnosed with AF (6.8%). (1) Compare to stable angina pectoris patients without AF, stable angina pectoris patients with AF have older age (P < 0.001), higher proportion of female (P = 0.04), uric acid (P < 0.001), NT-proBNP (P = 0.001), larger left atrial diameter (P < 0.001), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (P < 0.001) and lower LVEF (P = 0.038), FT3(P = 0.002), TT3 (P < 0.001). (2) When TSH levels were less than 0.55,0.55-2.49, 2.50-4.77, 4.78-9.99 mIU/L and greater than 10.00 mIU/L, the incidence of AF were 7.6% (8/105) , 5.7% (91/1 599), 7.9% (49/621), 9.4% (17/180) and 22.2% (8/36), respectively. Both a high and a low TSH level were associated with an increased incidence of AF. After adjustment for common risk factor (age, gender and so on) , stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that TSH levels were significantly related with the incidence of AF. Compared to patients with TSH 0.55-2.49 mIU/L, the adjusted odds ratio of AF for TSH < 0.55, 2.50-4.77, 4.78-9.99, >10.00 mIU/L were 1.37 (95%CI 0.65-2.90, P = 0.415), 1.42 (95CI 0.99-2.04, P = 0.057), 1.73 (95%CI 1.01-2.97, P = 0.048), 4.74 (95%CI 2.10-10.69, P < 0.001), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results show that incidence of AF increases in proportion to TSH level in patients with stable angina pectoris.</p>