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The adhesive protein secreted by marine sessile animals can resist the resistance of water and exert stickiness under the humid environment. It has become a candidate for the development of high-performance materials in the field of biomedicine and bionics. Barnacles are as one of the marine macrofoulers that can be firmly attached to the underwater substrate materials with different surface characteristics through its cement proteins. To date, the adhesion process of barnacle has been understood in-depth, but the specific underwater adhesion mechanism has not been elucidated and needs further exploration. This review first presented an overview of barnacle and its adhesion process, followed by summarizing the advances of barnacle adhesive protein, its production methods, and applications. Moreover, challenges and future perspectives were prospected.
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Animals , Thoracica/metabolism , Proteins/metabolism , Adhesives/metabolismABSTRACT
Microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) refers to the natural biological process of calcium carbonate precipitation induced by microbial metabolism in its surrounding environment. Based on the principles of MICP, microbial cement has been developed and has received widespread attention in the field of biology, civil engineering, and environment owing to the merits of environmental friendliness and economic competence. Urease and carbonic anhydrase are the key enzymes closely related to microbial cement. This review summarizes the genes, protein structures, regulatory mechanisms, engineering strains and mutual synergistic relationship of these two enzymes. The application of bioinformatics and synthetic biology is expected to develop biocement with a wide range of environmental adaptability and high performance, and will bring the MICP research to a new height.
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Calcium Carbonate/metabolism , Chemical Precipitation , Urease/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Qingyang City, Gansu Province from 2010 to 2019, and to provide basis for further strengthening of prevention and control measures.Methods:Data of human brucellosis cases in Qingyang City from 2010 to 2019 were collected from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, population data were collected from Statistical Yearbook of Gansu Province, and quarantine information on sheep were collected from Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Qingyang City. Descriptive epidemiological method was applied to analyze the time, location and population distribution features of human brucellosis from 2010 to 2019. Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between the number of human brucellosis and the positive rate of sheep serum detection.Results:From 2010 to 2019, 2 387 cases of human brucellosis were reported in Qingyang City, the average annual incidence rate was 1.05/10 000, and no deaths were reported. In 2015, the incidence was the highest, with an incidence rate of 2.98/10 000. From April to July, 52.49% (1 253/2 387) of the overall cases were reported. The largest number of cases was in Zhenyuan County (476 cases), followed by Huan County (456 cases) and Heshui County (410 cases). The ratio of male to female was 2.89∶1.00 (1 773∶614); majority of cases were 30-59 years old, accounting for 67.53% (1 612/2 387) of the total cases; and the occupation was mainly farmers, accounting for 91.54% (2 185/2 387). The positive rate of sheep serum detection ranged from 0.33% to 4.79% in each year, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 10 412.594, P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between the number of human brucellosis and the positive rate of sheep serum detection ( rs = 0.802, P < 0.05). The health system of prevention and control measures mainly focused on propaganda and enhancing medical treatment, while the agriculture and animal husbandry department relied mainly on sheep immunization. Conclusions:The seasonal characteristic of the onset time of human brucellosis is obvious, with a high incidence in spring and summer. The main population of the disease is young and middle-aged men; the location of the disease is mainly distributed in areas with more animal husbandry. The main prevention and control measures are to control the incidence of brucellosis among sheep, and take into account the behavioral intervention of high-risk groups.
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Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of prednisone, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) combined with plasmapheresis (PE) or not for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during pregnancy.Methods:Fourteen patients with SLE during pregnancy were analyzed. Totally 7 patients in the non-PE group were given prednisone and HCQ only while 7 patients in PE group were given prednisone and HCQ combined with PE. The fetus outcomes and clinical data, such as erythrocyte sedimentation tate (ESR), urine protein level, blood cell count and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score before and after treatment at 3, 6, 12 months were used to evaluate the efficacy between the two groups. The comparison between groups was performed by repeated measures analysis of varianc (ANOVA).Results:Totally 11 patients delivered successfully in both groups while three of the 7 patients in the non-PE group had stillbirth. The 11 fetuses developed well and were born with an Apgar score of 8 or more at birth in both groups. There was a significant difference in ESR and platelet counts between the two groups ( F=7.838, P<0.05 ; F=32.269 , P<0.05). The ESR of the PE group was lower than that in the non-PE group at 3, 6 and 12 months after delivery, while the platelet count was higher than that in the non-PE group. Although there was no significant difference in the SLEDAI scores between the two groups ( F=2.816, P=0.119), the average of SLEDAI scores in the PE group was lower than that in the non-PE group at 3, 6 and 12 months after delivery. In addition, the urine protein of 7 patients in the PE group turned negative at 6, 12 months after delivery. In the non-PE group, urinary protein-positive patients were present in 3, 6, 12 months after delivery. Conclusion:PE in combination with oral prednisone and HCQ is a more effective than oral prednisone and HCQ alone for patients with active SLE during pregnancy, which reduces pregnancy loss and promote the patient's outcome.
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Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of oral olive oil combined with polyethylene glycol electrolyte ( PEG ) on bowel preparation before colonoscopy for chronic constipation patients. Methods A randomized, single-blind, prospective study was conducted on 180 patients with chronic constipation, who underwent colonoscopy at Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University from November 2017 to May 2018. Patients were randomly divided into three groups. Patients in group A took 60 mL olive oil and a piece of crystal sugar at 7:30 pm the day before colonoscopy, followed by 1500 mL PEG at 8:00 pm before the test, and 1500 mL PEG at 5:00 am the day of colonoscopy. Patients in group B took 60 mL olive oil and a piece of crystal sugar after administration of PEG at 8:00 pm the day before colonoscopy, followed by 1500 mL PEG at 5:00 am the day of colonoscopy. The group C was given 1500 mL PEG at 8:00 pm the day before colonoscopy, and another 1500 mL PEG at 5:00 am the day of colonoscopy. We recorded the time of first defecation after taking medication, the number of defecation before sleep, the total number of defecation, the score of Boston bowel preparation scale ( BBPS) of the right, middle and left colon, and the adverse reactions, and compared the data among the three groups. The measurement data was compared using the analysis of variance. After the difference was found, the LSD-t test was used to compare between the two groups. The enumeration data was compared using the Pearsonχ2 test. Results One patient in the group B terminated colonoscopy due to unable to continue cooperation during the examination. Group B and C both excluded one patient because of a large mass found in the descending colon of patients. Finally, there were 60 cases in the group A, 58 in the group B, and 59 in the group C. There was no statistical difference between the three groups in the general resource ( P>0. 05) . The time of first defecation after taking medication for the group A, B and C was (2. 25±2. 32) h, (2. 43±2. 39) h and (3. 36±2. 79) h respectively, with statistical difference (F=3. 36, P=0. 037). The time of first defecation was longer in the group C than that of the group A and B ( P = 0. 016 and P = 0. 046, respectively). The number of defecation before sleep for the group A, B and C was 3. 47±2. 09, 3. 24±1. 76 and 2. 49±1. 58 respectively, with statistical difference (F=4. 65, P=0. 011). The number of defecation before sleep was lesser in the group C than that of the group A and B ( P=0. 004, P=0. 027, respectively) . The total number of defecation for the group A, B and C was 7. 20 ± 2. 67, 6. 81 ± 2. 31 and 5. 64 ± 2. 22 respectively. The difference among the three groups was statistically significant ( F=6. 68, P=0. 002) . For the group A and B, the total number of defecation was both more than that of the group C ( P=0. 001, P=0. 010) . There were no statistical differences among the three groups in the BBPS score of the left and middle colon and the total BBPS score ( all P>0. 05) . The BBPS score of the right colon for the group A, B and C was 2. 03 ± 0. 82, 1. 95 ± 0. 87 and 1. 53 ± 0. 80 respectively, with statistical difference ( F=6. 38, P=0. 002) , and was lower in the group C than that of the group A and B ( P= 0. 001, P= 0. 006, respectively) . Adverse reactions after taking medication including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloating were respectively reported in 7, 3, 0 and 3 cases in the group A, 5, 3, 0 and 6 in the group B, and 4, 2, 1 and 4 in the group C, and there was no statistical difference among the three groups (χ2=4. 35, P=0. 824) . Conclusion Administration of olive oil compared with PEG can improve the cleanness of right colon for chronic constipation patients, shorten the time of first defecation after taking medication, and increase the number of defecation before sleep and the total number of defecation during bowel preparation. Taking olive oil before or after PEG at the night before colonoscopy has no significantly effect on bowel preparation and adverse reactions.
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Objective To explore the cognitive impairment of stroke survivors using magnetic resonance spectra (MRS) and the Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment (LOTCA),and to analyze their correlation and their clinical significance.Methods Thirty stroke survivors diagnosed with cognitive impairment using the mini-mental state examination formed a cognitive impairment group.Another 30 stroke survivors without cognitive impairment served as stroke controls,while a third group of 30 healthy counterparts were the normal controls.All were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging and the LOTCA and the results were correlated.Results The average LOTCA total score and sub-scores of the impaired group were significantly lower than those of the other two groups.The average LOTCA total scores and the orientation and spatial perception,apparent motion and thinking operation sub-scores of the stroke control group were also significantly lower than those of the normal control group,though their average visual perception and motor praxis scores were not.The average levels of N-acetyl aspartate and creatine (NAA and Cr) in the bilateral hippocampus of the cognitively impaired group were significantly lower than among the controls,while their choline and creatine (Cho/Cr) levels were significantly higher.The average NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr levels in the bilateral hippocampus of the stroke control group were similarly significantly lower and higher than among the healthy controls.The average NAA/Cr levels in the left and right hippocampus were weakly to moderately correlated with the total LOTCA scores and the LOTCA sub-score for attention (r=0.376-0.661 and r=0.396-0.691 respectively).The average value of Cho/Cr in the left hippocampus showed weak to moderate negative correlation with the LOTCA total scores (r=-0.368-0.619),but not with the attention scores.The value of Cho/Cr in the right hippocampus had weak to moderate negative correlation with the LOTCA total score and with the orientation,visual perception,visuo-motor organization and thinking operations sub-scores (r=-0.391-0.632),but no obvious correlation with the scores for spatial perception,motor praxis or attention.Conclusion MRS can be used to assess the cognitive impairment of stroke survivors.MRS and LOTCA scores are closely correlated.MRS combined with LOTCA can evaluate cognitive dysfunction more comprehensively and objectively.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study investigated the effects of strontium ranelate (SrR) on the rats' palatal suture after rapid maxillary expansion (RME).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six male 6-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (A), expansion only group (B), and expansion plus SrR group (C). Each group comprised 12 rats. Neither expansion nor SrR was given to group A. Each rat in groups B and C was set an orthodontic appliance with an initial expansive force of 1 N. The rats in group C were administered with SrR (600 mg·kg⁻¹ body weight) at the same time every day after RME. All the rats were then euthanized in batches on days 4, 7, and 10. The width of the rats' upper jaw was measured. Histological observation was used to section the rats and count the osteoblasts.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the RME, no statistical difference was observed on the rats' upper jaw width in group A (P>0.05). However, the change of upper jaw width in groups B and C presented a statistical significance (P<0.05). By contrast, no statistical difference was observed between groups B and C (P>0.05). The rats' sections were placed under a microscope, and some red fibrous tissues, mesenchymal cells, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts were observed in group A. More red fibrous tissues, mesenchymal cells, and chondrocytes were observed in groups B and C. In addition, more osteoblasts were observed on the edge of mid-palatal suture of the rats. Group C contains more osteoblasts than group B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>RME can expand the mid-palatal suture of rats, which were in the growth development period, and increase the width of dental arch. SrR may promote osteoblast differentiation and hasten new bone formation in the expanded mid-palatal suture. Both conditions accelerate new bone formation and bone deposition calcification, which may be therapeutically beneficial to prevent relapse after RME.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Cell Differentiation , Maxilla , Osteoblasts , Osteogenesis , Palatal Expansion Technique , Palate , Rats, Wistar , Sutures , ThiophenesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT:The seasonal characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Gansu Province in 1962-2010 were analyzed in order to provide reference for making strategies of disease control and prevention .The JE data is the Epidemic Data between 1962 and 2003 from Gansu CDC ,and National Notifiable Diseases Registry System (NNDRS ,2004-2010) .Concentration ra‐tio and circular distribution method were used in this study .Results showed that the M‐value of the seasonal distribution of JE in 1962-2010 was 0 .825 9 .The corresponding peak date of JE was the 30th August (95% CI:22 July to 7 October) .The Z value of Rayleigh test was 3 506 .092 5 (P<0 .01) .In conclusion ,the concentration and circular distribution method helps us to grasp the JE epidemic peak season more accurately .There were significant seasona1 characteristics for JE in Gansu Province and the epidemic peak was from late July to early October .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the morphology and proliferation effects of adenovirus containing bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2) on tongue cancer Tca8113 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tca8113 cells were transfected with the Ad-BMP-2 of 0, 50, 100 multiplicity of infection (MOI) respectively. Inverted fluorescence microscope was used to evaluate the morphological changes of these cells. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of BMP-2 in the transfected cells. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to monitor the proliferative activity of the infected Tca8113 cells and then the growth curve was made.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The transfection efficiency reached the highest when the MOI was 100. Moreover, the expression of BMP-2 was detected in Tca8113 cells by Western blot. There were no obvious morphological changes of the Tca8113 cells before and after transfection. And the proliferation of transfected Tca8113 cells decreased compared with control.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ad-BMP-2 gene can inhibit the proliferation of Tca8113 cells in vitro.</p>
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Humans , Adenoviridae , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 , Cell Proliferation , Tongue Neoplasms , TransfectionABSTRACT
AIM: Remnant polyp tissues are often found after polypectomy. In this study, we assessed the outcome and safety of argon plasma coagulation (APC) in the management of colorectal sessile or semipedunculated polyp remnants after polypectomy. METHODS: Sixty-one colorectal polyps of 33 patients underwent polypectomy in Department of Digestion Medicine, Tangdu Hosptial, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from 2004 to 2007. Colorectal polyps type was identified by pathological examination. All polyps were removed under colonoscope with the diathermic snare, and the polyp remnants were destroyed with APC (Erbe, Germany). The power output was initially set at 40-50 W. In case of visibly insufficient coagulation, the output power was increased gradually by 5 W up until the remnants were completely ablated. Follow-up endoscopies were performed 1 and 3 months after the treatment. Pathological examination and APC treatment were performed when the recurrence of polyps was found. RESULTS: ①All 61 colorectal polyps were removed with the diathermic snare and the polyp remnants were destroyed with APC successfully only once. ②During the follow-up averaged 2.4 months, effective destruction of remnant polyp tissue was obtained in 59 polyps (96.7%) in 31 patients (93.9%). Colorectal polyp of two cases relapsed one month after treatment and identified as villous adenoma. ③Final power output was positively correlated with lesion size (r =0.97, P
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Oral and maxillofacial surgery is one kind of special subjects involving multiple clinical disciplines.The postgraduate training is different from other professional postgraduate training model,which emphasizes the cultivation of students,should be first medical students,then dentist.In new situation,we advance the experiences in exploring how to cultivate high quality postgraduate of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
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More people focus on the cultivation quality of graduate students.The performance of moral character is a very important aspect in all-round performance of college students.It is a definite option to develop moral character in the course of performance education.Scientific quality is also very important.