[Effect of Losartan on apoptosis in renal tissue after unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats]

Obstructive uropathy can be used to indicate any obstruction to urinary flow. Losartan is angiotensin II receptor I [AT1] antagonist and is used for treatment of congestive heart failure and hypertension. It is widely recognized that Losartan has organ protective nature and most effective for organ damage progressing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Losartan on apoptosis in renal tissue after unilateral ureteral obstruction in rat. In this experimental study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups [ten rats in each group] as follows: [1] control; [2] unilateral ureteral obstruction [UUO]; [3] UUO/Losartan [UUO/LOS]; [4] Sham-operated; [5] Sham/LOS. Control animals received drug solvent. Unilateral ureteral obstruction was performed in groups 2 and 3 and sham operations were performed in groups 4 and 5. In group 2, animals received drug solvent and in group 3 animals received Losartan [60 mg/kg]. All drugs administered orally for 15 days [started before operation]. Apoptosis in renal tissue were studied in left renal in different groups with tunnel method at day 14. Tunnel staining determined that experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction caused induction of apoptosis [15.52 +/- 1.33] in tubular cells of renal tissue but, in Losartan treated animals number of apoptotic cells [5.24 +/- 0.93] significantly [p<0.05] decreased. There was no significant difference between control [0.91 +/- 0.26], sham [1.17 +/- 0.29] and sham/LOS [2.16 +/- 0.47] groups. Our results showed that experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction induces apoptosis in renal tissue but, Losartan administration decreased the number of apoptotic cells in renal tissue

[Immunohistochemical study of the Effect of Calendula of_cinalis of _-catenin protein expression in experimental colon cancer]

Background: Colorectal adenocarcinoma is one of the most prevalent and treatable malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated the anticancer effect of Calendula offcinalis extract on a tumor cell line derived from colorectal cancers. The inhibitory effect of this extract ranges from 70- 100% and an in vitro study has demonstrated that Calendula offcinalis extract inhibits expression of nuclear beta-catenin protein on dysplastic colonic aberrant cryptal cells. The aim of present study was to evaluate in vivo the effect of Calendula offcinalis extract on the expression of beta-catenin protein in dysplastic colonic aberrant cryptal

Materials and Methods: In this study 20 male Wistar rats with an approximate age of 12 weeks that weighed 200-300g were assigned to two equal groups [treatment and control]. For the induction of colorectal carcinoma these two groups were given two subcutaneous injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine [40mg/kg] twice a week for eight weeks. Thereafter, the treatment group received Calendula offcinalis extract [200mg/kg] daily for ten weeks through gavage. The control group received normal saline by the same manner. After ten weeks of treatment with Calendula offcinalis extract, distal parts of colonic tissue were sampled in both groups. Expression of beta-catenin was assessed semi-quantitatively by four scales through immunohistochemical analysis. Significant difference between the groups was determined by the Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05

Results: Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the expression of nuclear beta-catenin protein in dysplastic colonic aberrant cryptal cells was lower in the treatment group compared to the control group. The mean difference between the treatment and control groups was Significant [p <0.01]

Conclusion: The results of this in vivo study indicated that Calendula offcinalis extract has an inhibitory potential on the expression of nuclear beta-catenin protein in dysplastic colonic aberrant cryptal cells in experimental colorectal carcinoma of rats

[Experimental study of cell death in lymphoid tissues of SPF chickens with avian influenza virus [H9N2] infection]

Influenza virus causes the cell death in animals and human beings. Cell death occurs in two manners as necrosis and apoptosis. In this study, the types of cell death in lymphoid tissues assessed in experimentally infected chickens with H9N2 avian influenza virus [A/chicken/Iran/772/2000]. In this experimental study, 20 SPF chickens aged 3 weeks were divided equally into two groups. The treatment group was infected with 0.2 ml of 1:10 dilution and 10[7.5] EID50 titer of the virus intra-nasally and the control group was treated with saline normal in the same volume. Lymphoid organs including spleen, thymus and bursa of fabricius were collected after 72 hours of treatment and tissue specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Microscopic sections with the thickness of 5-6 micron were stained by H and E method. Histopathological examination of lymphoid tissues of the experimental groups indicated necrosis, apoptosis and lymphoid depletionsin the treatment group. Apoptotic changes in the splenic tissues were significantly different between two groups [p<0.001]. There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of changes in the thymus and bursa of fabricius. However, Necrotic changes and lymphoid depletions in the splenic tissues, thymus and bursa of fabricius were significantly different between two groups [p<0.001]. This study indicates that H9N2 avian influenza virus is able to cause lymphoid tissue damages through induction of apoptosis and necrosis

[ effect of treadmill exercise on experimental diabetic hepatopathy in rats]

Regular exercise by increasing insulin sensitivity and improving the glucose uptake and lowering body adiposity is a powerful non-pharmacological tool for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic hepatopathy is the main cause of liver failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of regular exercise on diabetic hepatopathy. In this experimental study, 56 wistar male rats with approximate age of 12 weeks and 200-300g weight were allocated into two equal groups of treatment and control. For induction of diabetes, these two groups were injected by streptozotocin [50 mg/kg] intraperitoneally. The treatment group was kept in normal conditions of management with regular exercise [treadmill] as 5 days a week, an hour every day, for 12 weeks. In control group, subjects have normal conditions without any physical activity and regular exercise. After 12 weeks, liver tissues were sampled in both groups and 5-6 micron tissue sections were prepared through H and E staining method. Histopathological study in control group showed hepatosclerosis, central vein perivascular cuffing of mononuclear inflammatory cells, hepatocellular degeneration, sclerosing hyaline necrosis, apoptosis, dense perisinusoidal, and periportal and perivenular fibrosis. Mild pathological changes were observed in treatment group and significant differences were observed between two groups. Treadmill exercise is capable in reduction of pathological changes and improves diabetic hepatopathy to near normal histology

[Investigate the effect of regular exercise on diabetic nephropathy in rat]

Diabetes mellitus and its complications are a public health problem. Exercise is frequently recommended in the type I and type II diabetes mellitus and can improve glucose uptake by increasing insulin sensitivity and lowering body adiposity. Diabetic nephropathy has become the main cause of renal failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of regular exercise on diabetic nephropathy. In this study, fifty-six 12-week rats weighted 200-300 gr were selected and assigned into two groups [treatment and control]. Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin [50 mg/kg]. The treatment group were kept in normal conditions of food and place with regular exercise [treadmill] for 12 weeks, 5 days in a week, an hour every day. In control group we prepared normal conditions [food and place] without any physical activity/regular exercise. After 12 weeks renal tissues were sampled in both groups and 5-6 micron tissue section were prepared through H and E staining method. Histopathological analysis of tissue section in control group demonstrated that glomerulosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, perivascular cuffing of mononuclear inflammatory cells, tubular cells nephrosis and hyaline cast in lumen of renal tubules and a little pathological changes in treatment group were observed. Mean deference of histopathological changes and proteinuria in two groups were significant. We demonstrated that regular exercise [treadmill] is able to reduce pathological changes and improve diabetic nephropathy disease in diabetic patients resulting in the reduction of HbA1c, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, VLDL, expression of apoptosis regulatory gene and TGF-beta and increase insulin sensitivity, HSPG, HS, HDL, IGF and EGF

[Experimental study of renal tubular cells apoptosis subsequent to influenza virus [H9N2] in SPF chickens]

Influenza virus produces cell death in animals and human. Cell death can be caused by either necrosis or apoptosis. We investigated the types of cell death that occur in chickens infected with avian influenza virus [A/chicken/Iran/772/2000[H9N2]. In an experimental study, 60 SPF chickens aged 3 weeks old were assigned to two groups. The first group was infected with 10[7-5] EID50 of the virus intravenously and the second group was treated with saline normal. 72 hours later, renal tissues were collected and fixed in 10% formalin solution. The prepared microscopic sections with the thickness of 5-6 micron were stained using TUNEL method. There was a significant difference in apoptotic cells of renal tubular tissue between the infected group and controls [p<0.005]. We demonstrated that A/chicken/Iran/772/2000 [H9N2] is able to induce apoptosis in renal tubular cells

Study of cloned gene-related protein Vp2 of infectious bursal disease virus-induced apoptosis in human lymphoma B cells in vitro

Apoptosis or programmed cell death [PCD] is an important mechanism in both development and homeostasis in adult tissue for the removal of superfluous cells, while its induction is an effective therapeutic approach for cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cloned gene-related protein Vp2 of infectious bursal disease virus in human lymphoma B cells. In present study after cloning the Vp2 gene in Pichia pastoris system, the Vp2 protein was expressed. Cellular vital capacity was determined by MTT. Then effect of Vp2 protein in human lymphoma B cells was examined by Hoechst staining and flowcytometry techniques, respectively. During MTT, human lymphoma B cell lines revealed to have a meaningful apoptosis at 1 micro g and 5micro g protein concentrations when compared with controls [p<0.01]. Apoptotic bodies appeared by Hoechst staining apoptosis was induced suitably after 48 hours by flowcytometry assay. The present study is the first study that has revealed the gene-related protein Vp2 induced apoptosis in human lymphoma B cells in vitro

[Effect of alloxan on pancreatic beta cells' apoptosis in rat]

Alloxan is a potent generative of reactive oxygen species [ROS], which can mediate B-cell toxicity. Reactive oxygen metabolites have been demonstrated to cause apoptotic cell death. The aim of this study was to investigate alloxan-induced morphological alterations in apoptosis. For this experimental study, wistar rats weighed 200 g were chosen and assigned into four groups of five as follows. The treatment rats received alloxan [45, 90 and 135mg/kg intraperitoneally] and control group rats received saline normal. 48 hours following the injection, pancreatic tissue samples were obtained. The selected tissue samples were fixed in 10% formalin solution and then microscopic sections with the thickness of 5-6 micron were prepared and stained with TUNEL method. Meanwhile, at 12-, 24-, 48- and 36-hour intervals blood samples were obtained from all rats to check blood sugar level. Treatment groups showed apoptotic cells in pancreatic beta cells and high blood sugar in biochemistry laboratory test in comparison with controls. Indeed, the mean number of apoptotic cells in five microscopic fields of all treated groups was significantly [p<0.001] higher than the control group. Mechanism of alloxan-induced apoptosis has not been fully understood however, evidences indicate that the pancreatic beta cell damage is mediated through the generation of cytotoxic oxygen free radicals

[Time dependent effects of ischemic-reperfusion on rat's cardiomyocytes apoptosis]

The study objective was to investigate time dependent effects of ischemic-reperfusion on cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats [270-330 gr] were randomly divided into four groups [n=10] and anesthetized by sodium pentobarbital [50-60 mg/kg-IP]. The hearts of rats in each of three treatment groups were removed and quickly mounted on a Langendorff apparatus and perfused by a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution under constant pressure at 37 degree C. During the stabilization time, 30 minute regional ischemia [which was followed with 60, 90 or 120 minute reperfusion in respective T/60min, T/90 min and T/120 min reperfusion groups] was established, while in the control group the hearts were intact. Immunohistochemical detection of apoptotic cells was performed using an in-situ cell death detection [TUNEL] kit. The positive cardiomyocytes counted in five random high power fields in each sample. Data were presented as mean +/- SEM for each group. In the control group, the number of apoptotic cells was 1.0 +/- 0.4, while in the treatment groups of T/60min, T/90 min and T/120 min reperfusion, the corresponding numbers were 2.0 +/- 0.5, 3.0 +/- 0.3 and 6.0 +/- 0.3, respectively. Although the difference between T/60 min and T/90 min and T/60 min and control group was not significant [p>0.05], the difference between T/60 min and T/120 min [p<0.001], T/90 min and T/120 min [p<0.01], T/90 min and control [p<0.01] and T/120 min and control [p<0.001] was significant. We demonstrated that the duration of ischemic-reperfusion insult can affect the apoptosis changes in cardiomyocytes

[Experimental study of apoptosis induced by infectious bursal disease virus, using tunel assay]

The purpose of the present in vivo study was to evaluate correlation of the virulence of the infectious bursal disease virus with the rate of apoptotic changes of the immature B lymphocytes in Bursa Fabricius [BF] and lymphoid cells of spleen. Experimental study. 21-day-old SPF chicks of leghorn breed.90 chicks were divided into three groups [TEST-IBDV, TEST -VAC and Control] of30 chicks each. Inoculation of the TEST-IBDV, TEST -VAC and Control groups were done with 1R-499 serotype of high-virulence infectious bursal disease Virus [WIBDV], D78 intermediate vaccine and normal saline, respectively. Furthermore, 20 chicks were categorited into two groups [Test and Control] of 10 chicks each. Test and Control groups were inoculated with WIBDV and normal saline, respectively. 3 days after inoculation, samples of BF and splenic tissues were sent to Pathology Lab for LM, H and Esatinig and TUNEL studies. Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA and Mann-Whimeytest.LM and H and E staining showed many significant differences among groups. Furthermore, we showed VP2 and VP5, INF-gamma and TNF-alpha were the major inductive factors for development of apoptosis in the immature B lymphocytes of BF and spleen.The present in vivo research showed that there is always a significant correlation between the virulence of the virus and the rate of apoptotic changes in the BF tissue. Moreover, apoptosis can be considered as a definite factor in the pathogenesisof infectious bursaldisease [IBD]