Some chemical data on cyperus papyrus L. the ancient paper making material

Papyrus can indeed be considered as a plant that touched the Egyptian civilization at many points. It is of interest that [Papyrus Paper] is still being made for sale to tourists. Most of the studies made on various species of papyrus have been concerned with the pulping operations in order to find their potential as a paper making material. Various types of pulping have been reported the most satisfactory of which was that using sodium hydroxide. However, the yield from such alkaline pulping was rather low. Recently, it was found that the paper made from Papyrus without treatment with fire retardants has better fireproofing than other papers. On the other hand, its treatments with fire retardants did not significantly improve its flammability properties. Consequently, it was suggested that Papyrus has an inherent flame-retardant effect. A systematic study of the constituents and chemistry of the various species of Papyrus are rather few. The presence of D-fructose and D-glucose was reported in the hot water extract of the parenchymatous tissue of Cyperus papyrus, together with xylose and small amounts of glucosan from the products of hydrolysis of the same tissue after water extraction. Although, an analytical study of the rind and pith of the Papyrus has been reported it was found later that the study has been undertaken on another plant. Consequently, it is of interest to do such a study on the pith and rind of Egyptian Papyrus [Cyperus papyrus L.]

Synthesis and reactions of some aryloxyacetylh drazones of the hexose series

A number of the aryloxyacetylhydrazones of D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose were prepared and their reaction have investigated. Periodate oxidation of some examples of these products gave the corresponding glyoxal monoaryloxyacetylhydrazones. Acetylation of the polyol part of the hydrazones was affected using acetic anhydride in pyridine whereas using boiling acetic anhydride caused a simultsneons heterocyclisation of the hydrazone residues. The structures of the products and the mechanism of their formations were discussed

Mechanism and absolute configuration of benzylidene derivatives of some acyclic C-Nucleosides

The mechanism of formation of benzylidene derivatives was deduced from the mode of the condition of benzylidenation as well as from their assigned structures. The absolute configuration has been assigned to the various isomeric forms for each diastereoisomer. The protection of hydroxyl groups in a polyhydroxymolecule can be achieved by various ways, e.g. by acylation and/or acetalization. The latter protecting groups possess the advantage, in most cases, of being stable towards, alkaline conditions but could be successively cleaved under acidic conditions, whereas, the acylated products possesses a reverse character. Acetalization may promise the direct protection of two hydroxyl groups out of three or more existing in the same molecule. Perprotection of the hydroxyl groups can be easily accomplished without much problems, whereas their partial protection needs much care and it is very important in organic synthesis