Effect of rumen bacteria from sheep adapted to a tanninferous diet on in vitro fermentation parameters of pistachio hulls using bovine inoculum

Sheep adapted to consume tannins rich feeds such as oak leaf [OL] appear to develop defensive mechanisms by their ruminal bacteria against these polyphenols. The capabilities of ruminal isolated tannins resistant bacteria from these animals to ferment a tanniniferous feed [i.e., pistachio hulls, [PH] which were incubated with rumen fluid from Holstein dairy cows was assessed. Six g positive cocci were isolated from the rumen of sheep and the 16s rRNA gene sequences showed them to be closely related to Streptococcus gallolyticus. In three runs of in vitro gas production [GP], the effect of two of the isolates incubated with bufferedruminal fluid of Holstein cow and PH was evaluated. The GP was recorded from 1 to 96 h of incubation. Incubating either of the isolates with PH caused a significantly higher in vitro gas production, estimated parameters, in vitro organic matter disappearance, metabolisable energy and volatile fatty acids than those without any isolate. The improvement in the ruminal parameters when either of the isolates was used suggested the possible presence of isolated tannins-resistant bacteria [Streptococcus gallolyticus sp.], however, in vivo studies must be conducted to confirm the in vitro results

[ effect of the dietary barley and phosphorous on the incidence of uroltihiasis in Iranian Raeinimale kids]

To determine effects of dietary barley andphosphor ous on Uroltihiasis.Experimental study.Iranian Raeini male kids.For assessing the effect of barley andphosphorous on the occurrence of Uroltihiasis, a total ofseventy five male kids [initial live weight of 17.5 +/- 2.1 kg]werestudied.Animalswerefedwithpelleteddietcontaining barley, Lucerne hay, wheat straw, wheat branand cottonseed meal. After observing the urolithiasissymptoms, 10 g of limestone was added to the diet ofanimals through water, in order to increase the ratio of Ca:Pto 3.5. Addition of limestone has eliminated the urolithiasisin the animals.Fisher's exact test [2-tail] and chi-square test with SAS Software.After three months, 12 kids out of 75 showed thesymptoms of urolithiasis. Most of the affected kids werefrom the groups consumed high barley diets. The chemicalcomposition of the urinary calculi was 10% phosphorusand 5% calcium.The results of chi-square test haveshown that the effect of dietary barley or phosphorous onthe occurrence of Urolithiasis is significant [P<0.10]