[History and Epidemiology of the Zika Virus]

The Zika virus disease is caused by a virus of the family Flaviviridae, which is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Currently, the virus circulates in endemic form in the Americas, Africa, Asia and the Pacific. Affected individuals generally have a mild fever, a rash, conjunctivitis and muscle and joint pain. These symptoms usually disappear within 2 to 7 days. Biological diagnosis is mainly done through molecular biology. There is currently no specific treatment. In absence of a specific vaccine, the best prevention way for human is to protect themselves from mosquito bites

[Niemann Pick type B disease]

Niemann Pick disease type B is a rare autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder, characterized by a partial deficiency of sphingomyelinase We report two cases one in a boy aged of 3 years old, and the other a 18-month-old girl. All of them have related parents. The circumstances of discovery were a hepato-splenomegaly without neurological signs and interstitial syndrome on chest radiograph. Laboratory tests showed a moderate hepatic cytolysis and microcytic hypochromic anemia. The bone marrow showed many cells overload Niemann-Pick type. Diagnostic confirmation was achieved by a decrease in cell lysosomal enzyme activity. It is a lysosomal disease characterized by visceral abnomality with preserved nervous system function. The current treatment of Niemann Pick disease is purely symptomatic awaiting the use of enzymatic replacement therapy

[Community pneumonia Klebsiella pneumoniae producing beta-lactamase with extended spectre]

Klebsiella pneumoniae is the prerogative of nosocomial infections. Rarely Community lung infection by a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase have been reported. We report a case of a case of pyopneumothorax due to infection by Community Klbsiella pneumoniae producing extended spectrum beta lactamase in a young patient of 29 years bacteriological examinations of pleural fluid drainage made the admission of the patient during his stay in intensive care have resulted in a K pneumoniae isolate producing extended spectrum beta lactamases. Despite treatment with imipenem and colistin prescribe 48 hours after admission of our patient, the evolution was fatal with death of the patient in an array of multi-visceral failure at 21 days of hospitalization. The isolation of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase strain is often responsible for a fatal outcome, think about when you're facing a particular field, in the presence of risk factors such as outpatient antibiotic where the need 'control' strategy

[Hospital acquired infections due to Klebsiella pneumaniae]

Nosocomial urinary tract infections are one of the most common hospital acquired infections and often due to multi-drug resistant bacteria. Control of spread is still priority measure of public health. To describe an outbreak caused by an extended spectrum beta-lactamase Klebsiella pneumoniae and research of its hospital reservoir. Over 12 days period, extended spectrum beta-lactamase Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from 5 in-patients with urinary tract infection. General warning was given and outbreak investigation was conducted. The five strains had the same antibiotype characterized by colistin, amikacin, fosfomycin and imipenem sensibility. Investigation has shown index case and the absence of identified environmental reservoir suggests that transmission was effective by hands. Eradication of epdemic strain was obtained by geographical and technical isolation and amelioration of hygiene conditions. Swift identification of an outbreak by phenotypical characterization of isolated strains allowed the control of this outbreak

[Ocular virus diseases : epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment]

This work treats the ocular virus diseases and their importance compared to the other infectious of the eye. It we deformed on the recent data concerning the virological diagnosis as well as the various treatments used. The ocular virus diseases present an increasingly great risk because of their incidence raised enough and their gravity, energy of a simple conjunctivitis, easy to treat, with an attack much major even a final blindness from where need for an early and precise diagnosis resting on the private clinic then to confirm, by a direct or indirect examination of the ocular taking away by using the most significant method and fastest

Role of laboratory in diagnosis of multiresistance tuberculosis

Multiresistant tuberculosis associates a reduction in the sensitivity to isoniazid, the rifampicin and possibly to the other antituberculous ones. It is in constant progression in the whole world and constitutes a major problem of public health. The multiresistance seems to be the consequence of an inadequate former treatment [acquired resistance] or of a contamination by a stock from the start multiresistant [primary resistance]. The patients infected by the virus of the AIDS are a privileged target. New biological techniques are developed in order to identify the stocks resistant to antituberculous and to implement as soon as possible an adapted antituberculous treatment. Three processes are theoretically in competition for the fast antibiogram of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: - The direct antibiogram on solid medium remains the method of choice for the measurement of the sensitivity to antibiotics of second line in the event of multiresistance. - The Bactec method allows the culture and the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 8 days, then with additional 8 days, establishes the antibiogram with isoniazid, the rifampicine, the ethambutol and the streptomycine without making it possible to establish in a reliable way, the antibiogram facing antibiotics of second line. - The technique PCR [polymerase chain reaction] amplification of a segment of the gene followed by denaturation and hybridisation has been used for rapid detection of tuberculosis resistance