ABSTRACT
@#[摘 要] 正常细胞及肿瘤细胞在发生凋亡或受到某些信号刺激时均可释放出直径为0.1~1 μm的膜状囊泡。肿瘤细胞受到信号刺激后骨架改变，导致细胞质膜包裹细胞内容物并向膜外侧起泡形成囊状小体，称为肿瘤囊泡，其不仅影响肿瘤细胞的生物学特性，对肿瘤免疫微环境也产生深刻的影响。除生物学效应外肿瘤囊泡还可作为一种天然的药物载体将治疗药物递送到肿瘤细胞，发挥抗肿瘤作用。研究证实，载药的肿瘤囊泡在天然免疫和获得性免疫反应中均体现良好的抗肿瘤激活效应，目前载药肿瘤囊泡已经进入临床应用阶段，在胆管癌、恶性胸腔积液的治疗中展现了良好的应用前景。
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was to observe the effect of rapamycin (RAPA) on the differentiation and maturation of rat bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. BMDCs from Wistar rats were cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin-4in the presence or absence of RAPA (20 ng/mL), and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24h before cells and supernatants were collected. Surface phenotype of BMDCs was flow-cytometrically detected to determine the expression of maturation markers, MHC class Ⅱ and CD86. Supematants were analyzed for the production of IL-12 and IFN-γ cytokines by using ELISA.BMDCs were co-cultured with T cells from Lewis rats and mixed lymphocyte reaction was assessed by MTT method. The morphology of BMDCs stimulated with LPS remained immature after RAPA pretreatment. RAPA significantly decreased the CD86 expression, impaired the IL-12 and IFN-γproduction of BMDCs stimulated with LPS, and inhibited the proliferation of allogeneic T cells. In conclusion, RAPA can inhibit the maturation of BMDCs stimulated with LPS in terms of the morphology, surface phenotype, cytokine production, and ability of BMDCs to stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T cells in vitro.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study is to explore the operation method and efficacy through retroperitoneal laparoscopy combined with urethral resection for treatment of renal pelvic carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total nephroureterectomy with excision of bladder cuff by retroperitoneal laparoscopy plus urethral resection was performed in 18 patients with pathologically confirmed pelvic transitional cell carcinoma (II-III, T1N0M0-T2N0M0). The operation was performed using Olympus celioscope (30 degrees or 0 degree) under general anesthesia. First, a 10 mm incision was made at the intersection of midaxillary line and superior border 2 cm from crista iliaca, then a self-made hyponome filled with 250-300 ml water was put through the small incision in order to open the retroperitoneal space, followed by getting the hyponome out and perfusing CO2 into the retroperitoneal space to make a pneumoretroperitoneum. Finally, the celioscope was put into the retroperitoneal space to operate. During the operation, electric coagulation was used to stop bleeding and the bladder was not irrigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operation was successfully performed in 18 patients without any complication. The operative time ranged from 150 to 190 min with a mean of 160 min. The hospital stay after operation was 7 to 10 days. There was no tumor recurrence or metastasis or implantation in all these patients after follow-up of 1-19 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with regular operation mode, retroperitoneal laparoscopy plus urethral resection for treatment of renal pelvic carcinoma is a minimally invasive treatment with less bleeding and quick recovery.</p>