ABSTRACT
@#Background: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is an eating disorder characterized by an obsession with eating healthy foods, which has physical, psychological, and social impacts. The use of social media platform such as Instagram is suspected to be one of the risk factors of ON, as health information on Instagram can reach thousands of people despite the fact that its source is frequently unreliable. Objective: To determine the correlation between the intensity of Instagram usage and ON among Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) students, as well as the correlation between confounding variables (gender, monthly income, age, faculty cluster, and nutritional knowledge) and ON. Methods: The research design used is an observational study with cross-sectional design that involved 529 students. Samples were taken by stratified random sampling, and data was collected online. Chi square test with ꭤ = 0.05 was used in this study. Results: The results showed that as many as 55% of students were diagnosed with ON and most of the students had moderate intensity of using Instagram. There is a correlation between the intensity of using social media Instagram and ON in UGM students (p value = 0.037<0.05) and there is no correlation of confounding variables (gender, monthly income, age, faculty cluster, and nutritional knowledge) with ON. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the intensity of Instagram use and ON in UGM students, and no confounding variables were found in this study. Keywords: Orthorexia Nervosa, Instagram, Social Media, Eating Disorders
ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Optimum feeding practices can help children under two years old achieve a pivotal period of growth, health, behaviour and intellectual development. However, suboptimal feeding practices are still found in developing countries, and are influenced by maternal factors. We aim to investigate maternal education, employment, age, and feeding practices among children under two years old in Sleman District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional design involving 388 mothers who had 0–24 months old children. The subjects were taken from the Sleman Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada in 2019. The association between maternal determinants and feeding practice was analyzed using fisher’s exact and chi-square test. Results: 21.1% of children were started on infant formula at 0–6 months old. The first initiation of fruits, milk enriched porridge, and soft foods was mainly in 6–9 months old infants (63.1%; 46.6%; 49.0%), once (74.7%), twice (48.8%) and three times daily (46.1%), respectively. 30.9% of children had been given solid foods in >12 months old, three times daily (66.3%). There was a significant association between maternal employment to the first initiation and the daily frequency of infant formula (p<0.001 and p=0.008), maternal education to the daily frequency of fruits (p=0.020) and soft foods (p=0.013) feeding. Conclusion: Maternal education and employment are associated with feeding practices among children under two years old. Education on child feeding is recommended to increase their practice.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Pregnant women are encouraged to comply with dietary recommendations to meet their own nutritional needs as well as their child. Deficiency of certain nutrients may lead to morbidity of both the mother and child. In this review, information on nutrients intake of pregnant women from studies conducted in Indonesia will be analysed. Methods: A literature search of all possible sources of information was conducted. These included (i) electronic databases of PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct, EBSCO, and Google Scholar; (ii) archives and records of the Ministry of Health; (iii) library collection in institutions such as health polytechnics, local health offices, non-government organisations and universities in Yogyakarta, Central Java, East Java Province; and (iv) articles on pregnant women’s nutrient intake conducted in Indonesia in 2000 – 2010. The results were analysed descriptively by comparing them with the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) value. Results: Two of four studies showed mean energy intake below EAR. Protein intake was lower than EAR only in two studies, while four are in contrary to the EAR. No study showed low fat and carbohydrate intake. A large number of studies reported low average intake of calcium and iron. Conclusion: The reviewed studies suggest that intake of several nutrients by pregnant women in Indonesia is below the EAR.