ABSTRACT
From 1998 to 2001, using questionnaires, we surveyed the use of travel vaccines among Japanese expatriates in developing countries. The percentage of those using more than one type of travel vaccine before departure increased significantly (45.6% in 1998 to 53.4% in 2001 (p<0.001)). In regions such as tropical Africa and South Asia, vaccination rates were high. But the increase was most noticeable in East Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America. Vaccinations against hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and tetanus were high throughout the developing countries. Vaccinations against yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis were high in endemic regions. Vaccination rates were slightly higher for typhoid fever in South Asia and tropical Africa than that in other areas. Vaccination rates for cholera, however, showed yearly declines. These trends seem to reflect a growing awareness among expatriates of the benefits of travel vaccines. Even so, nearly half of those living the countries have not received sufficient vaccination, indicating a need for further education.