ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Chinese pregnant women and the distributions of unhealthy lifestyles. Exploring the association between these behaviors and GDM to provide some suggestions to GDM prevention. Methods Women who were enrolled by the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study and delivered before the 31st December, 2018 were enrolled by this study. The characters of physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco exposure, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and low sleep level were assessed by questionnaire and also the pregnancy complications. Binary Logistic regression model was adopted to analyzed the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Results A total of 3 162 women were enrolled in this study and 372 of them were diagnosed GDM. Single variable analysis showed that lack of leisure time physical activity (RR=1.015,95% CI=1.005-1.279，P=0.046) and low sleep quality (RR=1.019, 95% CI: 1.004-1.196，P=0.047) were two risk factors of GDM. Compared with women who showed none of these unhealthy lifestyle, those who showed all six unhealthy behaviors had higher risk of GDM (RR=1.530, 95% CI: 1.263-8.880，P=0.036). Conclusions The incidence of GDM among Chinese women was 11.76%. Lack of physical activity and poor sleep quality could increase the risk of GDM and the cluster of unhealthy lifestyles is associated with higher GDM risk. Adequate physical activity, no smoking and drinking, balanced diet and other healthy behaviors are important to GDM prevention.
ABSTRACT
@#Objective To explore the influence of reproduction history on depression during pregnancy． Methods Data on 3 792 pregnant women from the Chinese pregnant women cohort study with complete information on reproduction history and depression were used in the present study． The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale was used to assess depression status among pregnant women． A chi-square test was used for univariate analysis，and a Log－binomial regression was used for multivariate analysis． The adjusted relative risks ( ＲＲs) with 95% confidence intervals ( 95% CIs) were calculated，and were presented in a forest plot． Ｒesults The results of Log－binomial regression showed that a history of delivery could increase the risk of depression during the second trimester ( ＲＲ: 1. 04，95% CI: 1. 01 － 1. 08，P= 0. 042) and the third trimester ( ＲＲ: 1. 05，95% CI: 1. 01－1. 10，P= 0. 020) ． There was a 6% increase of risk on depression in women with a history of cesarean delivery compared with women without that during the third trimester ( ＲＲ: 1. 06，95% CI: 1. 01－1. 11，P = 0. 041) ． Conclusions There is asignificant influence of reproduction history on gestational depression． Maternal and child health personnel should focus on these pregnant women，and conduct targeted health education and mental nursing． In addition，medical personnel should also pay attention to the emotional changes of these women and provide them with several adjustment strategies．
ABSTRACT
@#Objective To explore the associations between cesarean section with different types and intensity of physical activity in the second trimester pregnant women． Methods Six hundred and seventy－two participants from the Chinese pregnant women cohort study ( CPWCS) were analyzed． The pregnancy physical activity questionnaire ( PPAQ) was used to collect the status of physical activities in pregnant women． The participants were followed up and the data of delivery way was collected． Logistic regression model was conducted to analyze the associations． Ｒesults A total of 273 pregnant women ( 40. 63%) were delivered by cesarean section． After adjusting age，pre-pregnancy BMI and history of childbirth，results of Logistic regression model showed that pregnant women with higher levels of exercise had a lower risk of cesarean section than those who did not participate in exercise ( OＲ= 0. 564，95% CI: 0. 338－0. 941) . In terms of physical activity intensity，pregnant women who participated in the higher level of moderate to vigorous physical activity had a lower risk of cesarean section than those who partici- pated in the lower level ( OＲ= 0．642，95% CI: 0．437－0．972) ． Conclusions Exercise and moderate to vigorous physical activity are protective factors for cesarean section． Health education should be further strengthened to encourage pregnant women to carry out appropriate physical activity during pregnancy．
ABSTRACT
@#Objective To analyze the relationship between pre － pregnancy body mass index ( BMI) ，gestational weight gain ( GWG) and the birth weight of infants，and explore the effect of weight change before and during pregnancy on low birth weight ( LBW) and macrosomia． Methods Women were enrolled by the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study during first trimester． Each respondent＇s weight before and during pregnancy and the birth weight of infant were collected after fellow up． Prepregnancy BMI was divided into underweight，normal and overweight /obesity groups and GWG was divided into suitable， insufficient and excessive groups． Multivariate Logistic regression was adopted to explore the relationship be- tween pre－pregnancy BMI，GWG and newborn＇s birth weight． Ｒesults Women＇s prepregnancy BMI and GWG were associated with neonatal birth weight ( all P＜0. 05) ． Prepregnancy overweight or obesity ( OＲ=2. 339，95% CI: 1. 674－2. 282，P＜0. 001) and excessive GWG ( OＲ= 1. 398，95% CI: 1. 188－1. 978，P= 0. 048) were shown as risk factors for macrosomia． Insufficient GWG increased LBW risk ( OＲ = 1. 479， 95% CI: 1. 461－1. 679，P= 0. 035) while excessive GWG declined LBW risk ( OＲ= 0. 428，95% CI: 0. 225 －0. 817，P= 0. 010) ． Under weight－insufficient GWG was risk factor of LBW ( OＲ= 1. 335，95% CI: 1. 048 －2. 319，P= 0. 048) while normal BMI－excessive GWG ( OＲ= 1. 088，95% CI: 1. 016－1. 675，P= 0. 038) and overweight /obesity－excessive GWG ( OＲ= 1. 498，95% CI: 1. 244－2. 017，P= 0. 046) were associated with higher risk of delivering macrosomia． Conclusions Prepregnancy BMI and GWG were associated with infant＇s birth weight and women were suggested to maintain their weight in recommended range before and during pregnancy．
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the association between unhealthy diets and depression in early pregnancy. Methods 7 976 women in early pregnancy were recruited and analyzed in this study from the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study (CPWCS) from July 25th, 2017 to July 24th, 2018. Differences of baseline characteristics between the two groups were conducted by a chi-square test. The qualitative food frequency questionnaire and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale were used to assess depression status and food intake frequency during the first trimester respectively. Log-binomial regression was used to analyze the relationship between unhealthy diets and depression in early pregnancy. Prevalence ratio (PR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Results Eating regularly (PR=0.45, 95% CI:0.38-0.54，P<0.001) and eating breakfast frequently (PR=0.80, 95% CI:0.72-0.90, P<0.001) were related to the low incidence of depression while frequent consumption of fried food (PR=1.25, 95% CI:1.03-1.53, P=0.027), Western-style fast food (PR=1.36, 95% CI:1.06-1.74, P=0.015) and puffed food (PR=1.37, 95% CI:1.11-1.70, P=0.003) as well as drinking sugar-sweetened beverage (PR=1.37, 95% CI:1.17-1.61, P<0.001),wine (PR=1.60, 95% CI:1.26-2.01, P<0.001) and liqueur (PR=1.26, 95% CI:1.00-1.59, P=0.047) were linked with the high incidence of depression. Conclusions There might be an association between unhealthy diets and depression in early pregnancy. Pregnant women should take the initiative to better understand what are healthy diets and reduce the frequency of unhealthy diets consumption to decrease the incidence of depression during pregnancy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study a new method for fast unloading and positioning of medical shelter at night to accelerate the deployment speed of medical shelter system at night and improve the rapid reaction of medical support forces.Methods Laser marking device was used to indicate the three baseline for vehicle positioning based on three line positioning method,and then the position of the self-contained vehicle was determined.Reversing radar assisted in monitoring the vehicle position,and facilitated parking at a predetermined location.Results The problems such as low visibility were solved during the deployment at night,and the time consumed was decreased to 40 min for shelter positioning and unloading,so that the workload and artificial errors were both reduced greatly.Conclusion The method realizes medical shelter unloading efficiently with high practicability and flexibility.
ABSTRACT
Objective To design a data acquisition and monitoring system to facilitate the maintenance of the ventilator.Methods The system was composed of two modules of data acquisition and monitoring.The data acquisition module used MSP430F149 SCM as the master control chip to realize real-time acquisition and storage of operation data,and the monitoring module adopted STM32 SCM as the master control chip to implement equipment monitoring,server serial port conversion and data communication.Wireless data transmission between the two modules was executed with wireless NRF24L01 module.Results The system realized real-time acquisition and storage of the ventilator log,and transmitted acquired data to the server.Conclusion The system eliminates the deficiencies of manual operation and implements basic risk analysis,and facilitates the engineer to monitor and maintain the ventilator.
ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the battery management of ECG monitor to enhance its benefits.Methods The application of ECG monitor battery in all the departments was analyzed,and a management scheme was proposed that executed proper supplying in the nurse station and centralized allocation in leasing center.Results The proposed scheme decreased the failure risks of the battery and saved the cost of the departments.Conclusion Battery management concept can be applied to other types of medical equipment so as to further optimize medical equipment management mechanism in the medical facility.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the social psychological factors influencing postpartum depression (PPD), and to explore its predictive value for PPD, so as to establish and evaluate the prediction model of PPD. Methods We randomly selected 371 pregnant women (pregnancy≥28 weeks), who received antenatal examination and would be hospitalized for delivery in the First Hospital, Jinshan Hospital, and University-Town Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from Sep. 2014 to Jun. 2016. The social demographic questionnaire (self-define), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale/Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMA14/HAMD24), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory/Beck Depression Inventory (BAI/BDI) were used to assess the prenatal social psychological factors of pregnant women, and the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) was completed on the 42nd day after delivery. Then the evaluation of PPD was conducted to analyze and predict the social psychological factors influencing PPD. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to establish the prediction model, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of the model. Results Sixty of the 371 cases met the diagnostic criteria of PPD (PPD group) according to the assessment results of PPD, while 311 cases did not meet (N-PPD group); the incidence of PPD was 16.17% (60/371). Univariate analysis results showed that there were significant differences in having a fixed work or not, the degree of education, emotional stability, HAMA14 score, HAMD24 score, BAI score, BDI score, and each single factor score (except somatization) of the SCL-90 between the two groups (all P<0.05). The above indexes were selected for multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the following mathematical prediction model was established: Logit (PI)=0.042×total score of SCL-90+1.005×having a fixed work or not+2.498×relative company+0.108×BDI score-1.319×the degree of education-8.028, with the area under the ROC curve being 0.833 (P<0.001, 95%CI: 0.772-0.894). When PI=0.141 was selected as cut-off point, the Youden index of the model was maximum, the sensitivity was 0.900 and the specificity was 0.533. Conclusion The total score of SCL-90, having a fixed work or not, family company and BDI score are independent risk factors of PPD, while low degree of education is an independent protective factor. The prediction model for PPD based on social psychological factors has been successfully established, which has a great predictive value and is worthy of further study.
ABSTRACT
Objective To improve vibration resistance of conventional blood transportation kits and mitigate hemolysis during transportation.Methods The structure of a blood transportation kit was modified.We installed a suspension brac-kets within the kit,added buffer material between the brackets,and tested the vibration-suppressing effect compared with the conventional blood transportation kit.Results Rubber and plastic materials between brackets were added,and double membrane suspension brackets were installed.After 4 and 6 min of vibration,free hemoglobin(FHb)[(1559.7 ±1038.5) and(1886.2 ±1023.8)mg/L],lactic dehydrogenase levels[(135.3 ±67.7)and(195.7 ±123.6)U/L]and hemolysis rate[(0.35 ±0.34)%and(0.42 ±0.38)%]in the conventional transportation kit were significantly higher than in the vibration-suppressing kit.K+did not change significantly,and was comparable in both groups at each time point.After 4 and 6 min of vibration, FHb in the conventional transportation kit exceeded the standard.However, after 12 min of vibration,FHb[(560.1 ±342.3)mg/L]in the vibration-suppressing kit were within the standard range.No bacterial growth was detected in either group.Conclusion The vibration-suppressing kit under research shows a better 1986vibration-suppressing effect,which could improve blood support capability in case of emergency.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study a new method for fast unloading and positioning of medical shelter at night to accelerate the deployment speed of medical shelter system at night and improve the rapid reaction of medical support forces.Methods Laser marking device was used to indicate the three baseline for vehicle positioning based on three line positioning method,and then the position of the self-contained vehicle was determined.Reversing radar assisted in monitoring the vehicle position,and facilitated parking at a predetermined location.Results The problems such as low visibility were solved during the deployment at night,and the time consumed was decreased to 40 min for shelter positioning and unloading,so that the workload and artificial errors were both reduced greatly.Conclusion The method realizes medical shelter unloading efficiently with high practicability and flexibility.
ABSTRACT
Objective To design a data acquisition and monitoring system to facilitate the maintenance of the ventilator.Methods The system was composed of two modules of data acquisition and monitoring.The data acquisition module used MSP430F149 SCM as the master control chip to realize real-time acquisition and storage of operation data,and the monitoring module adopted STM32 SCM as the master control chip to implement equipment monitoring,server serial port conversion and data communication.Wireless data transmission between the two modules was executed with wireless NRF24L01 module.Results The system realized real-time acquisition and storage of the ventilator log,and transmitted acquired data to the server.Conclusion The system eliminates the deficiencies of manual operation and implements basic risk analysis,and facilitates the engineer to monitor and maintain the ventilator.
ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the battery management of ECG monitor to enhance its benefits.Methods The application of ECG monitor battery in all the departments was analyzed,and a management scheme was proposed that executed proper supplying in the nurse station and centralized allocation in leasing center.Results The proposed scheme decreased the failure risks of the battery and saved the cost of the departments.Conclusion Battery management concept can be applied to other types of medical equipment so as to further optimize medical equipment management mechanism in the medical facility.
ABSTRACT
A novel method combining ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) fingerprint and simultaneous quantitative analysis of eight phenolic components was developed and validated for quality evaluation of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaves. For fingerprint analysis, 15 peaks were selected as the common peaks to evaluate the similarities among 41 batches of T. hemsleyanum leaves collected from different regions. Additionally, simultaneous quantification of eight markers, including neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isoorientin, orientin, vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside,vitexin and isovitexin, was performed and the obtained data demonstrated that our method has achieved desired linearity, precision and accuracy. Clustering statistical analysis was further application in T. hemsleyanum leaves from different regions. The results indicated that new approach conbine ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) fingerprint and simultaneous quantitative analysis of eight phenolic components was applicable in quality control of T. hemsleyanum leaves.
ABSTRACT
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are members of nuclear receptors and related to several diseases such as cancer, inflammation and osteoporosis. ERs have two forms, ERα and ERβ, which have different functions and organism distributions. Compounds selectively targeting ERβ can regulate important physiological functions and avoid the side effects caused by targeting ERα. Therefore, selective ERβ ligands have received considerable research interest in recent years. In this article, different kinds of selective ERβ ligands were summarized and their structure-activity relationships were also analyzed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Estrogen Receptor beta , Chemistry , Ligands , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Lycopodii Herba (the whole herbs of Lycopodium japonicum) has been used for a long time as Chinese materia medica, which had been reported with many kinds of effective components, such as alkaloids, triterpenoids, and volatile components. It has a long history of treating the inconvenient flexing and stretching, wind dampness arthralgia syndrome, bruises, and other diseases with definitely curative effects. This review classifies and summarizes the chemical constituents and their pharmacological activities, so as to provide the reference for the further development, utilization, and quality control of Lycopodii Herba.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the status quo of quality of life and family environment of children and adolescents with diabetes, also to explore the relationship between family environment and the quality of life, so as to give some support for family nursing. Methods A total of 58 diabetic children and adolescents were asked to complete Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory,meanwhile their parents were asked to complete the family environment scale, relativity of life quality of diabetic children and adolescents with family environment was analyzed. Results The physical function, school function, psychosocial health and total quality of life of diabetic children and adolescents' were lower than healthy children; family conflicts and control were higher than normal, while knowledge was lower than normal. Their quality of life was positively correlated with family knowledge and control, family control and success contributed a lot to life quality. Conclusions The health professionals should improve the communication between children and parents, sharing the diabetes responsibility, reduce the family conflict, in order to manage diabetes effectively and improve the quality of life.