Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to explore the relationship between vitamin D level and ADHD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-seven children with ADHD who were diagnosed according to DSM-V were selected as the ADHD group, including 46 cases of ADHD-I, 10 cases of ADHD-HI, and 41 cases of ADHD-C. Ninety-seven healthy children served as the control group. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mean serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the ADHD group (17±7 ng/mL) were significantly lower than in the control group (23±8 ng/mL; P<0.01). The serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the three subtypes groups of ADHD (ADHD-I, ADHD-HI, and ADHD-C) were all lower than in the control group (P<0.05). The rates of vitamin D insufficiency, deficiency or normal in the ADHD group were different from the control group (P<0.01). The distributions of vitamin D levels in the three subtypes groups of ADHD were all different from the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in children with ADHD are lower than in healthy children, suggesting vitamin D level might be related to ADHD.</p>

Comorbidities and behavioral problems in children with functional articulation disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the incidences of comorbidities and behavioral problems in children with functional articulation disorders.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twelve children with functional articulation disorders (aged 4-11 years) were enrolled. Their comorbidities were identified based on clinical investigations and the DSM-IV diagnosis criteria of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), stuttering, tic disorders and enuresis. Behavioral problems were evaluated by the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty-nine patients (61.6%) had one or more comorbidities. The incidence of comorbidity in children with middle-severe functional articulation disorders was higher than in those with mild disorders. The most common comorbidity was language impairment (30.4%), followed by stuttering (16.1%), enuresis (13.4%), and tic disorders (6.3%). In school age children, ADHD (47.5%) was the most common comorbidity. The incidence of behavioral problems was 40.2% by the Child Behavior Checklist and 57.1% by the Parent Symptom Questionnaire.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The children with functional articulation disorders have high incidence of comorbidity and many behavioral problems.</p>

Attentiveness in school children: effect of cesarean section birth / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of cesarean section birth based on different indications on attentiveness in school children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 308 school children were assigned to three groups according to their birth model: natural delivery (n = 105), cesarean section due to social factors (n = 101) or medical factors (n = 102). The integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-CPT) was performed for assessing attentiveness.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The IVA-CPT demonstrated that there were significant differences in the quotients of combination control, auditory response control, combination attention, auditory attention, visual attention, auditory vigilance, visual concordance, visual vigilance and visual attention among the three groups (p<0.05). The results of the IVA-CPT in the group of cesarean section due to medical factors was obviously poorer than that of the natural delivery group and the group of cesarean section due to social factors. However no significant differences were observed between the groups of natural delivery and of cesarean section due to social factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cesarean section itself has no significant impacts on attentiveness in school children, while medical indications for cesarean section may contribute to major cause of attention deficit disorder.</p>