ABSTRACT
Objective:To develop an ex vivo normothermic mechanical perfusion(NMP)and compare the effect of air-oxygenated NMP versus oxygen-oxygenated NMP on reducing renal injury from donor after cardiac death(DCD).Methods:All kidneys from DCD rats were subjected to 30 min in situ warm ischemia after cardiac attest.And harvested kidneys were stored for 8h under static cold preservation after NMP for 2h.In experimental groups, kidneys were subjected to either air-oxygenated NMP(group A, n=6)or oxygen-oxygenated NMP(group O, n=6). Sham operation(group C, n=6)and DCD kidneys under static cold preservation without NMP(group SCS, n=6)were employed as controls.The evaluation parameters included creatinine(Cr), aspartate amino transferase(AST)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in perfusate, pathological changes by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining, histological criteria, expressions of myeloperoxidase and intercellular adhesion molecular-1(ICAM-1)by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay and level of malondialdehyde(MDA)by thiobarbital method and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)by WST-8 in renal tissues.Differences between two groups were analyzed by two-tailed unpaired Student's test and differences among more than two groups by one-way ANOVA.Results:Renal arterial oxygen tensions in NMP perfusate were(576.3±68.2)mmHg with oxygen-oxygenation and(137.0±39.1)mmHg with air-oxygenation.There was significant difference( P<0.05). The pathological injury scores in groups SCS, O and A by HE staining were(7.0±0.1), (5.0±0.9)and(2.5±0.5); injury scores and the expressions of renal proximal tubular epithelial cell vacuolar degeneration in groups O and A were lower than those in group SCS( P<0.05)and injury score in group A was lower than group O( P<0.05). In perfusate, the levels of △Cr, △AST and △LDH in groups O and A were(43.9±52.8)μmol/L and(12.6±3.5)μmol/L, (532.3±52.8)U/L and(49.1±50.4)U/L and(9998.0±2014.4)U/L and(1477.0±810.4)U/L.There were significant differences( P<0.05). In perfused kidneys, the MDA level and SOD activity in groups O and A were(0.192±0.018)mmol/g, (0.162±0.023)mmol/g, (0.6±0.3)×10 3 U/g, (1.7±0.4)×10 3 U/g; TNF-α and IL-6 levels in groups O and A were(124.376±19.635)and(89.331±13.123)ng/g, and(4.038±1.026)×10 3 and(1.774±0.518)×10 3 ng/g.After air-oxygenated NMP, lower renal damage indices were characterized by a lower MDA level and a higher SOD activity, the lower levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and the lower expressions of MPO and ICAM-1 than those in oxygen-oxygenated NMP( P<0.05). Conclusions:NMP with air-oxygenation mimics renal perfusion under physiological conditions and decreases oxidative stress and inflammation injury.It may confer a better retrieval in DCD kidney against warm ischemia injury.
ABSTRACT
Thyroid cancer is one of common malignant tumor in neck, which can occur in any age. Females are more likely to have this disease than males. Most patients get a nodule on their thyroid, which typically does not cause any symptoms. Surgical resection is an effective method to cure thyroid cancer. In recent years, more and more evidence support that traditional Chinese medicine plays an important role in the recovery of postoperative thyroid carcinoma.
ABSTRACT
Altogether 80 Wistar rats were used for an animal model of cerebral concussion, which were sacrificed on days 1,3,7,14 and 30 after injury and the brain tissue was collected. The pathologic changes of cerebral concussion and apoptosis of nervous cells were studied by means of light microscopy, electron microscopy and in situ terminal end labeling method. The results showed that the clinical situation for cerebral concussion occurred in rats struck by 100g standard weight from 1 meter high. The basic pathologic changes were the cerebral vascular dilatation, congestion, hemorrhage, and edema of cerebral tissue. Nervous cells underaent degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis, and the Nissl bodies obviously decreased, even disappeared. On days 1～3 after injury, dot or piece necrosis was seen in brain tissue, around which the tissue rarefied. Monocytes and foam cells increased, and lots of neurons underwent degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis. The edema of cerebral tissue reached its peak on day 7. Hippocampal pyramidal cells decreased in number and showed the changes of obvious ischemia. On days 14～30, blood vessels also showed dilatation, congestion and hemorrhage, whereas edema alleviated. The neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampus also showed the changes of chronic ischemia. By in situ terminal end labeling the number of apoptotic neurons increased on day 1, reached its peak on day 3 and still existed on day 30. The results suggested that the main pathologic changes of cerebral concussion were blood circulatory disorder and nervous cell degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis of nervous cells was one of the main changes in cerebral concussion.