ABSTRACT
Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (IHCP) is one of the commonest pregnancy related liver disorder. Although the maternal course is usually benign, there is an increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery, fetal compromise, meconium stained amniotic fluid and even intrauterine fetal demise. The objective of this study was to study the incidence of IHCP and its impact on maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: A prospective study carried out in 68 number of IHCP cases. Diagnosis was done on the basis of clinical and laboratory parameters. All the cases were followed up to the puerperium to find out maternal and perinatal outcome.Results: The incidence of cholestasis of pregnancy was 2.73%. Most (88%) of the cases were presented with generalized pruritus, relived with ursodeoxycholic acid and complete recovery was observed after delivery. The rate of instrumental delivery was 8.82% and caesarean section rate was 30.88%. Most common indication of caesarean section was fetal distress and non-progress of labour. There was one stillbirth at 35 weeks however none of the mother had complication during labour or puerperal period.Conclusions: Increased level of liver enzymes in patients of IHCP associated with poor perinatal outcome. Therefore, careful monitoring during antenatal period and termination of pregnancy at term will result in favourable outcome of both mother and baby.
ABSTRACT
Background: Induction of labor is the most common intervention in modern obstetrics. The pre-induction ‘favourability’ of the cervix as assessed by the bishop score is very subjective. Transvaginal sonography appears to be a feasible alternative to the traditional bishop’s score. Aim of this study, was to compare cervical assessment by transvaginal sonography and digital examination in prediction of outcome of labor induction.Methods: Three hundred women at term with maternal and foetal indications for labor induction were included in the study. Modified Bishop score was assessed by digital examination and the cervical length was measured by Transvaginal sonography (TVS). Successful labor induction was taken as a vaginal delivery within 24 hours from the start of induction. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 15.0.Results: Labour induction was successful in 81.33% of patients. Mean cervical length by digital examination was 2.6 cm, whereas the mean sonographic cervical length was 3.4cm. There was a significant difference of 0.8cm in mean cervical length measured by two methods (P=0.01). The best cut off point for predicting successful induction of labor was ≤3.4cm for sonographic cervical length (sensitivity 0.82, specificity 0.87, positive predictive value 0.77 and negative predictive value 0.25). The best cut off point for Modified Bishop score was 2 (sensitivity 0.95, specificity 0.93). The ROC curve showed that compared to TVS cervical length, Modified Bishop score was the best parameter for predicting successful induction of labor.Conclusions: Transvaginal sonographic cervical length measurement can be used as an adjunct tool to the traditional Bishop score for predicting successful labor induction in high risk pregnancies.
ABSTRACT
A well-organized micropropagation protocol has been designed for Salvia hispanica L., which bears high nutritional and medicinal value. Seeds of S. hispanica L. were germinated aseptically on half strength MS medium. Nodal explants obtained from in vitro germinated seedling were cultured on MS medium fortified with 6-benzyladenine (BAP) (1–5 mg/l) or Kinetin (Kin) (1–5 mg/l) individually or with α-naphthalene acetic acid (0.1–1 mg/l) and indole3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.1–1 mg/l) for clonal propagation. It was observed that maximum amount of shoots per explant (9.02 ± 2.65) was achieved on culture medium fortified with 3 mg/l BAP which was also optimum for subculturing of the regenerated shoots. Rooting was achieved on medium supplemented with 1 mg/l IBA. The rooted plantlets were acclimatized and transferred to field conditions, with 75% survival rate. Genetic fidelity studies were carried out on regenerated plantlets by 30 random amplified polymorphic DNA and 10 intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) as molecular markers
ABSTRACT
Tannin acyl hydrolase commonly known as tannase is an industrially important enzyme having a wide range of applications, so there is always a scope for novel tannase with better characteristics. A newly isolated tannase-yielding fungal strain identified as Penicillium atramentosum KM was used for tannase production under solid-state fermentation (SSF) using different agro residues like amla (Phyllanthus emblica), ber (Zyzyphus mauritiana), jamun (Syzygium cumini), Jamoa (Eugenia cuspidate) and keekar (Acacia nilotica) leaves. Among these substrates, maximal extracellular tannase production i.e. 170.75 U/gds and 165.56 U/gds was obtained with jamun and keekar leaves respectively at 28ºC after 96 h. A substrate to distilled water ratio of 1:2 (w/v) was found to be the best for tannase production. Supplementation of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) as nitrogen source had enhanced tannase production both in jamun and keekar leaves. Applications of the enzyme were studied in wine clarification and tea cream solubilization. It resulted in 38.05 percent reduction of tannic acid content in case of jamun wine, 43.59 percent reduction in case of grape wine and 74 percent reduction in the tea extract after 3 h at 35ºC.