ABSTRACT
Background: India is undergoing a rapid epidemiological transition with increased urbanization and socio-economic development which has resulted in a dramatic change in lifestyle, consisting of physical inactivity, diet rich in fat, sugar and salt coupled with a high level of mental stress. Obesity is one of the most common diseases worldwide and the prevalence in school aged children appears to be increasing. Thus, the present study was planned to establish an association between body mass index (BMI) with hypertension among 10-16 years children.Methods: Present longitudinal study was conducted on 350 children in private schools of District Kanpur and children 12-16yrs of age have included in the study. BMI for age charts was used to assess the obesity and blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer and Blood pressure values were compared to the values given by the update of 1987 task force report of the National high blood pressure Education Programme Co-ordinating Committee and children who were found prehypertensive or hypertensive were followed up after 4 weeks duration.Results: In present study the prevalence of overweight and obesity was found 4%,2% respectively. Prevalence of Pre-hypertension and hypertension was found 1.14%, 2.57% respectively and pre-hypertension and hypertension were found more in overweight and obese participants.Conclusions: Prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension is more among overweight and obese children. Overweight and obesity are not only risk factor for hypertension but also other diseases, so health education should regularly give about the obesity and its deleterious effects in later part of life.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Small incision cataract surgeries may be performed using various surgical incisions, namely, superior, supero-temporal and temporal. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Supero-temporal incision is considered the best as it produces least induced astigmatism. The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative induced astigmatism in superior and superotemporal incision group in small incision cataract surgery. Material &Method- This study was conducted on cataract surgery patients admitted in M.R.A Medical College, Ambedkarnagar. Fifty patients were selected for study, out of which 30 received superior and 20 received superotemporal incision. Preoperative keratometric and post operative 6 weeks keratometric readings were analysed. Results-Superior incision is better for with the rule astigmatism and worst for against the rule astigmatism, while superotemporal incision is equally good for both with the rule and against the rule astigmatism. Conclusion-Superotemporal incision is better than superior as it produces least astigmatism with good visual acquity.
ABSTRACT
Guillain-Barré syndrome is a disorder in which the body's immune system attacks part of the peripheral nervous system. The first symptoms of this disorder include varying degrees of weakness or tingling sensations in the legs. In many instances, the weakness and abnormal sensations spread to the arms and upper body. There is no known cure for Guillain-Barré syndrome, but therapies can lessen the severity of the illness and accelerate the recovery in most patients. There are also a number of ways to treat the complications of the disease. Currently, plasmapheresis and high-dose immunoglobulin therapy are used. Plasmapheresis seems to reduce the severity and duration of the Guillain-Barré episode. In high-dose immunoglobulin therapy, doctors give intravenous injections of the proteins that in small quantities, the immune system uses naturally to attack invading organism. The most critical part of the treatment for this syndrome consists of keeping the patient's body functioning during recovery of the nervous system. This can sometimes require placing the patient on a respirator, a heart monitor, or other machines that assist body function. The aim of present article is to provide in depth knowledge about Guillain-Barré syndrome which is no doubt, a rare autoimmune disorder. In this article the author has explained all the clinical aspects related to Guillain-Barré syndrome. This article presents a brief review of Guillain-Barré syndrome with an emphasis on its possible management and therapies.
ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis or TB is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air, when people who have the disease cough, sneeze, or spit. Most infections in humans result in anasymptomatic, latent infection, and about one in ten latent infections eventually progresses to active disease, which, if left untreated, kills more than 50% of its victims. Extensively drugresistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) is a relatively rare type of multi drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB). It is resistant to almost all drugs used to treat TB, including the two best first-line drugs: isoniazid and rifampin. XDR TB is also resistant to the best second-line medications: fluoroquinolones and at least one of three injectable drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). One in three people in the world is infected with dormant TB germs (i.e. TB bacteria). Only when the bacteria become active do people become ill with TB. Bacteria become active as a result of anything that can reduce the person’s immunity, such as HIV, advancing age, or some medical conditions. TB can usually be treated with a course of four standard, or first-line, anti- TB drugs. If these drugs are misused or mismanaged, multidrug-resistant TB (MDRTB) can develop. MDR-TB takes longer to treat with second-line drugs, which are more expensive and have more side-effects. XDR-TB can develop when these second-line drugs are also misused or mismanaged and therefore also become ineffective. Because XDR-TB is resistant to first- and second-line drugs, treatment options are seriously limited. It is therefore vital that TB control is managed properly. This article presents a brief review of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis with an emphasis on its various aspects associated i.e. introduction, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, vaccines as well as prevention; the article reveals the different approaches in the management of Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and correlation between XDR-TB as well as HIV/AIDS.
ABSTRACT
Molecular nanotechnology has been defined as the three-dimensional positional control of molecular structure to create materials and devices to molecular precision. The human body is comprised of molecules; hence the availability of molecular nanotechnology will permit dramatic progress in human medical services. More than just an extension of "molecular medicine," nanomedicine will employ molecular machine systems to address medical problems, and will use molecular knowledge to maintain and improve human health at the molecular scale. Nanomedicine will have extraordinary and far-reaching implications for the medical profession, for the definition of disease, for the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions including aging, and ultimately for the improvement and extension of natural human biological structure and function. Nanomedicine is the preservation and improvement of human health using molecular tools and molecular knowledge of the human body. Nanomedicines are an emerging group of therapeutics that take advantage of our understanding of phenomena on the nanometer scale. Nanomedicines research requires expertise in a range of diverse fields and thus requires multidisciplinary teams. This article presents a brief review of Nanomedicines with an emphasis on its various aspects associated i.e. introduction, definition, medical and clinical uses, especially role of nanomedicines in treatment of dreadful disease like cancer in current scenario. The article also reveals the concept of nanorobots as well as implications for nanotoxicology from nanomedicines.