ABSTRACT
MRSA is a major nosocomial pathogen. It causes severe morbidity and mortality all over the world. MRSA strains are prevalent around the world. In India it is responsible for 25%–50%. Methods: The study included 379 samples from various critical care units. The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Prasad Institute Of Medical Sciences, Lucknow. The duration of study was over a period of three months. Results: In our study, we found that out of total 379 samples ,200 were isolated as Staphylococcus aureus . The prevalence of MRSA cases in ICU was 10.2%. Conclusion: MRSA is an important pathogen for nosocomial infections so studying prevalence of this pathogen in various clinical samples and screening for MRSA colonization in health care workers will help in hospital infection control practices
ABSTRACT
It is an acute phase protein, which rises due to inflammation, infection and injury. It is synthesized by liver in response to IL-6 secreted by activated macrophages and T cells in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Changes in serum CRP concentration occur more quickly than ESR and therefore CRP may be a better reflection of current inflammation. Methods: Blood was collected by vene-puncture from the patients and separated sera were obtained from individuals elderly as well as young person’s were tested by quantitative & qualitative method. Results: In our study, two groups were included in this study, i.e. elderly group & young group.108 & 40 total cases were included in elderly group & young group respectively. In the elderly group out of 108 cases 35.2% were positive rest were negative for C - reactive protein as well as in young group 35% positive & 65% were negative found in the present study. Conclusion: In cases of joint pains CRP tests can give a better picture before going for higher and more expensive investigations.
ABSTRACT
The present work was undertaken to investigation, the effect of ethanolic seed extract of Amomum cardamomum on blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Ethanolic seed extract of Amomum cardamomum was administered orally (50 mg/kg body weight) for 7,15,30,45 and 60 days. Treatment with Amomum cardamomum resulted in significant reduction of serum urea (p<0.001), creatinine (p<0.001) and uric acid (p<0.001); while increment in serum total protein (p<0.001) and comparable with that of alloxan induced diabetic rats and control groups. The results clearly show, the decreased urea, creatinine, uric acid and improvement in serum protein activity with the treatments have been attributed to improve renal function.
ABSTRACT
Mining exerts pressure on environment at many stages i.e. exploration, extraction, processing, and post closer operations. Hence mining operations necessarily involves deforestation, habitat destruction and biodiversity erosion, change of landscape, displacement of human settlement, flora and fauna of the area, surface drainage, and change in air, water and soil quality. While for the purpose of development and economic upliftment of people, there is a need for establishment of industrial project, but these have to be environmentally friendly. Therefore it is essential to assess the impacts of mining on different environmental parameters, before starting the mining operations, so that abatement measures could be planned in advance for eco-friendly mining in the area. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a systematic process that examines the environmental consequences of development action like mining, transport, river valley. EIA systematically examines both beneficial and adverse consequences of the proposed project and ensures that these impacts are taken into account during the project design.
ABSTRACT
Ten mungbean genotypes were evaluated to estimate the genotypic variation for seed yield components and Nitrogen and Phosphorus uptake after inoculating with three microbial treatments (Rhizobium, Piriformospora indica and their combined inoculation). Significant genotypic differences for all characters indicated presence of considerable variability. All the microbial treatments and genotype x microbial interaction differed significantly except for maturity, branches/plant and seeds/pod. The traits affected most by Rhizobium inoculation in majority of the genotypes were plant height, pods/plant and seed yield. Above 50 per cent P. indica infection in roots was observed in eight genotypes, however, its effect was observed only in a few genotypes on plant height, P content in shoot, 100-seed weight and seed yield. The effect of combined inoculation was observed on seed yield only. Effect of all the three inoculants was observed in only MH-810 and MH-721. Maximum response of Rhizobium and dual inoculation was observed in MH-421.
ABSTRACT
Background: The objective was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of hepatobiliary scintigraphy (Tc99 mebrofenin) in case of cholestatic jaundice in pediatric practice. Method: Study conducted on 45 cases from 0-6 yrs. of age. Out of 45 pt 20 pt excluded from study Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy (Tc99m Mebrofinin) was performed in 25 cases. Injection of Tc99m mebrofinin (1-2 mCi) IV was given to each subject. Dynamic hepatic scan was done upto initial 1 hour study and additional delayed images were taken at 4 & 24 hrs only in case of non-visualization of tracer in the intestine after initial 1 hr. study. Results: In this study hepatobiliary scintigraphy was 100% sensitive, 93.73% specific, 80% positive predictive values, 100% negative predictive value, 6.23% false positive result and virtually no false negative result for biliary atresia. Conclusion: It is concluded that Tc99m mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy has proven to be reliable noninvasive imaging modality in evaluating cholestatic jaundice in pediatric practice as it carries a high sensitive & specific value, good positive & no negative predictive value, few false positive & virtually no false negative results.
ABSTRACT
Acardiac twin is a rare complication of monozygotic multiple pregnancy. Vascular anastomosis between twins, with single placenta leads to transfer of deoxygenated blood from umbilical artery of donor to the recipient twin in reverse direction through its umbilical artery which is responsible for abnormal growth. Acardiac twin dies in utero or immediately after birth with a 50-75% mortality of normal donor twin due to congestive heart failure secondary to strain of perfusing acardiac twin.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to develop mucoadhesive tablets of Simvastatin using natural polymers. Simvastatin has short biological half-life and high first pass metabolism hence which was designed to increase the gastric residence time which prolong the drug release. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique using Carbopol-934, guar gum, xanthine gum and chitosin as polymers. Formulations were evaluated for different parameters like hardness, friability, uniformity of weight, swelling characteris-tics, in vitro dissolution and kinetic studies. The dissolution was carried out for 12 hours in which the formulation with guar gum has shown highest dissolution release profile (F9). Thus the present study concludes that mucoadhesive tablets of simvastatin can be a good way to pass the extensive hepatic first pass metabolism and to improve the bioavailability of simvastatin.
ABSTRACT
Transient hyperprolectinemia has been reported to follow unprovoked seizures. This study was conducted in 90 children aged 1-18 years of age. The study comprised of four groups: Group-1 consisted of children with epilepsy which was further subdivided into GTCS, CPS and SPS. Group-2 comprised of children having febrile convulsions. Group-3 comprised of children suffering from non-epileptic paroxysmal events like breath holding spell, syncope and pseudoseizures or conversion reaction. Group-4 consisted of children who served as controls. Blood sample was collected within two hours of the event in all the groups. The exact interval between the event and the collection of blood sample was noted. Serum prolactin level was estimated by ELISA technique. In the present study, significant elevation of serum prolactin level was observed only in the Group-1 (28.77+15.49ng/ml) as compared to controls (9.53+2.45ng/ml) and the highest levels were observed in children with GTCS. Maximum elevation of prolactin was seen within 15 to 30 minutes post ictally. As the prolactin levels become normal after two hours of post ictal period, the test looses its significance.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to develop mucoadhesive tablets of Simvastatin using natural polymers. Simvastatin has short biological half-life and high first pass metabolism hence which was designed to increase the gastric residence time which prolong the drug release. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique using Carbopol-934, guar gum, xanthine gum and chitosin as polymers. Formulations were evaluated for different parameters like hardness, friability, uniformity of weight, swelling characteris-tics, in vitro dissolution and kinetic studies. The dissolution was carried out for 12 hours in which the formulation with guar gum has shown highest dissolution release profile (F9). Thus the present study concludes that mucoadhesive tablets of simvastatin can be a good way to pass the extensive hepatic first pass metabolism and to improve the bioavailability of simvastatin.
ABSTRACT
Jaundice is one of the most common problem that can occur in the newborn. The study group included 30 neonates (15 term and 15 preterm) and control group included 20 neonates (10 terms & 10 preterm). All had hyperbilirubinemia. The controls were fully matched with the study group. All the neonates included in the study group required management with phototherapy. The neonates in the control group were managed without phototherapy. Measurement of ionized serum calcium level was done before and after 48 hours of institution of phototherapy in study groups and controls. Before phototherapy, there was no statistical significant difference in mean serum calcium level in term & preterm neonates of both study & control group. After 48 hours of phototherapy in study group, a significant fall in calcium level in 66.6% of term & 80% of preterm neonates was observed. Whereas, no difference was observed in control group. It is suggested that calcium level be assessed in neonates treated with phototherapy for more then 48 hours and managed accordingly.
ABSTRACT
A simple, rapid and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of levosalbutamol in pure and tablet dosage form by RP-HPLC method using C18 BDS column (Phenomenex, 250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) in isocratic mode. The mobile phase consisted of Acetonitrile and buffer in the ratio of 20:80 (v/v) was used and maintain the pH 3. The flow rate was maintained at 1 mL/min and the injection volume was 20 μL . Detection wavelength with UV detector at 276 nm and run time was kept 10 min. The retention time of levosalbutamol was 5.4 min. The method was linear over the concentration range 7-12 μg/ml. The recovery was found to be 100.44± 0.27%. The validation of method was carried out utilizing ICH-guidelines. The described HPLC method was successfully employed for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations.