ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance poses a growing threat to public health, as infections from resistant strains of microbial become increasingly difficult and expensive to treat, resulting in prolonged illness and greater risk of death. A cross-sectional descriptive study was done among 471 higher secondary level students of private schools in Kathmandu Valley. Data were collected from Grade 11 and 12 non-science faculty students through self-administered questionnaires. Half (50.5%) of the students gave correct response by saying that antibiotic kills bacteria and 49.1% said that it is for fever. Majority (93.0%) of them said that it should be taken with water. Regarding the response on when to stop taking antibiotic, 46.9% said correctly by saying when all prescribed medicines are taken whereas and 40.8% said that after feeling better. More than half (58.8%) of the students had not heard about antibiotic resistance, whereas those who have heard among them 24% of students said that they had heard from doctor and nurses and 21.8% from family member and friends. Nearly one-third (32.7%) of students knew that antibiotic resistance occurs using antibiotic when they are not necessary. Regarding the response on consequences of antibiotic resistance, more than one-third (38.2%) of students gave correct answer. Nearly half of the students have lack of knowledge about antibiotic. Thus, it is imperative to create awareness among students by introducing a specific course on antibiotic in the 9th and 10th grade core curriculum to prevent antibiotic resistance and its consequences.
ABSTRACT
Incidence of caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is increasing because of a rising number of caesarean sections. Prompt diagnosis of the condition is required to reduce associated morbidity. A high index of suspicion is required for women with a suggestive history of CSP. Ultrasound scan is the diagnostic tool of choice. Management options include medical, surgical and interventional radiology. Appropriate patient selection is important for optimal results. Major haemorrhage and hysterectomy are the main risks associated with CSP. Therefore, adequate counselling and availability of surgical expertise and blood transfusion should be part of a comprehensive management strategy. We are reporting a rare case of G3P2L1 with previous two lower caesarean deliveries diagnosed with caesarean scar ectopic based on clinical and ultrasound finding came with acute pain in abdomen with haemodynamically unstable with intraoperative finding s/o unruptured c scar pregnancy along with ruptured corpus luteal cyst leading to severe intra-abdominal bleeding. C-scar ectopic and corpus luteal cyst confirmed on histopathology.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To estimate incidence of side effects after weekly iron and folic acidsupplementation (WIFS) in Delhi and Haryana. Methods: In this cross-sectional school-based study, data were collected from 4,183 adolescents on WIFS consumption and sideeffects experienced first time of receipt of WIFS (week 1), and in last two consecutive weeks(week 2,3). Week 3 was 48 hours preceding the survey. Results: WIFS consumption in week1, 2 and 3 was 85%, 63% and 52%, respectively. Side effects reported were highest in firstweek (25%) and reduced to 7% (week 2) and 5% (week 3). Side effects most reported wereabdominal pain (80%) and nausea (10%). Adolescents (45%) who faced a side-effect in week1 did not consume WIFS in subsequent week. Conclusion: Incidence of side effects was low,but it affected compliance. Positive reinforcement to students who face side effects requiresstrengthening by teachers.