ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy [ACT], selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs], and the combination of ACT and SSRIs in the treatment of adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD]. In This experimental study 32 outpatients meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for OCD were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: ACT, SSRIs, and combined treatment. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale [Y-BOCS], Beck Depression Inventory-II-Second edition [BDI-II], and Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI] were administered at pre- and post-treatment. Twenty-seven patients completed the study. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance [ANOVAs] and one - way analysis of covariance [ANCOVAs], clinically significant change, and complete remission status. Analyses with ANCOVA revealed that the patients treated with ACT and combined treatment experienced a significantly greater improvement in obsessive- compulsive symptoms at post-treatment as compared to those treated with SSRIs alone. However, there were no significant differences between ACT and combined treatment on OC symptoms. In addition, no significant differences were found between all the 3 treatment groups regarding reduction in the BDI-II and BAI scores at post-treatment. Clinically significant change and complete remission status results also showed that, unlike the SSRI, the ACT and combined treatment lead to more improvement in OC symptoms. ACT and combined treatment are more effective than SSRIs alone in treating OC symptoms. However, it seems that adding SSRIs to ACT does not increase the effectiveness of ACT in the treatment of adults with OCD in the short-term
ABSTRACT
Metacognition is a multi-dimensional concept including knowledge, processes, and strategies for appraisal, monitoring, and control of cognition. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between general health and metacognitive beliefs in students. One hundred students [44 males and 56 females] were selected from faculty of psychology of Karaj Islamic Azad University using cluster-random sampling. All of the subjects were asked to answer demographic questions and the general health questionnaire [GHQ-28] as well as Wells and Cartwright metacognitive questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multivariate regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Research findings showed significant positive relationships between metacognitive beliefs and general health. In other words, individuals with higher scores in metacognitive scale revealed worse general health status. There was also a significant relationship between total scores of both scales and scores on uncontrollability, positive beliefs, cognitive confidence and need to control thoughts [P<0.001]; however, no significant relationship was seen between those and cognitive self-consciousness score. A person's score on metacognitive uncontrollability variable is the best predictor of his or her general health status. Metacognitive beliefs are effective factors in general health. Also, it is possible to promote students' mental health by changing metacognition beliefs which enhance maladaptive and negative thinking styles or general negative beliefs