Comparing the effects of serum GPER-1 and oxidant/antioxidant levels on retinopathy in patients with diabetes and healthy individuals: a pilot study / Comparando o impacto do soro GPER-1 e dos níveis de oxidante/antioxidante na retinopatia em pacientes diabéticos e em indivíduos saudáveis: um estudo piloto

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of serum G receptor-mediated protein-1 levels on the development of retinopathy in patients with diabetes in comparison with healthy individuals. Methods: The study enrolled patients with diabetic retinopathy (Group 1), patients without diabetic retinopathy (Group 2), and healthy individuals (Group 3). Levels of serum progesterone, serum G receptor-mediated protein-1, estradiol, oxidant/antioxidants, and thyroid-releasing hormones were analyzed and compared among the groups. Post-hoc analysis was performed to compare the subgroups in which significant differences were found. Results: Groups 1, 2, and 3 each included 40 patients. A significant difference was found among all groups in terms of serum G receptor-mediated protein-1, oxidant/antioxidant, and estradiol levels (p<0.01), but no significant difference was found in terms of thyroid-releasing hormone or progesterone (p=0.496, p=0.220, respectively). In the post-hoc analysis of the groups with significant differences, another significant difference was found among all groups for serum G receptor-mediated protein-1 and oxidant/antioxidant levels (p<0.05). Serum G receptor-mediated protein-1 and oxidant levels were positively correlated, whereas serum G receptor-mediated protein-1 and antioxidant levels were negatively correlated (r=0.622/p<0.01, r=0.453/p<0.01, r=0.460/p<0.01, respectively). The multiple regression analysis showed that increased levels of serum G receptor-mediated protein-1 may help prevent diabetic retinopathy. Conclusions: Serum G receptor-mediated protein-1 levels, which were the highest in the diabetic retinopathy Group, increased as the oxidant/antioxidant balance changed in favor of oxidative stress. This appears to be a defense mechanism for preventing neuronal damage.

RESUMO Objetivo: Esta pesquisa buscou determinar o im­pacto dos níveis de proteína G sérica no desenvolvimento da retinopatia em pacientes diabéticos, comparando-os a indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Foram incluídos, no estudo, 40 pacientes com retinopatia diabética (Grupo 1), 40 pacientes sem retinopatia diabética (Grupo 2) e 40 indivíduos saudáveis (Grupo 3). Os níveis hormonais de progesterona sérica, de proteína G sérica, estradiol, oxidante/antioxidante e hormônio liberado pela tireoide foram analisados e comparados. A análise post hoc foi realizada para comparar os subgrupos nos quais diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram encontradas. Resultados: Uma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre todos os grupos em termos de proteína G sérica, oxidante/antioxidante e níveis de estradiol (p<0.01), mas nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada em termos de hormônio liberado pela tireoide ou progesterona (p=0,496, p=0,220, respectivamente). Na análise post hoc dos grupos com diferenças estatisticamente significativas, outra diferença significativa foi encontrada entre todos os grupos para proteína G sérica e níveis oxidantes/antioxidantes (p<0,05). Os níveis de proteína G sérica e os níveis de oxidante foram positivamente correlacionados, enquanto os níveis de proteína G sérica e os níveis de antioxidantes foram negativamente correlacio­nados (r=0,622/p<0,01, r=0,453/p<0,01, r=0,460/p<0,01, respectivamente). A análise de regressão múltipla mos­trou que o aumento da proteína G sérica pode ajudar a prevenir a retinopatia diabética. Conclusões: Os níveis de proteína G sérica que eram mais altos no grupo de retinopatia diabética, aumentaram à medida que o equilíbrio oxidante/antioxidante mudou em favor do estresse oxidativo. Este parece ser um mecanismo de defesa para prevenir danos neuronais.

The effects of adequate dietary calcium intake in patients with hypoparathyroidism non-adherent to treatment: a prospective randomized controlled trial

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: A significant problem that compels clinicians in the conventional treatment of hypoparathyroidism is patients' non-adherence to treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adequate Ca intake with dietary recommendations among hypoparathyroidism patients who persistently use Ca supplementation irregularly on plasma Ca and phosphate levels. METHODS: This prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted on patients diagnosed with chronic hypoparathyroidism who persistently interrupt Ca supplementation therapy and therefore have a hypocalcemic course. Patients with a total daily Ca intake below 800 mg were randomized. All patients were advised to keep the doses of active vitamin D and Ca supplements they were currently using. The patients in the study group (n=32) were advised to consume 1,000-1,200 mg of Ca daily, and the patients in the control group (n=35) were advised to continue their diet according to their daily habits. After 12 weeks of follow-up, the patients' laboratory values were compared between groups to assess treatment goals. RESULTS: The mean of the total Ca level was 8.56±0.36 mg/dL in the study group and was found to be significantly higher than that in the control group, which was 7.67±0.48 mg/dL (p<0.001). The mean serum phosphate and serum Ca-P product levels were significantly higher in the study group (p<0.001) but did not exceed the safe upper limits in any patient. CONCLUSION: A suitable increase in dietary Ca intake could effectively control hypocalcemia in patients with hypoparathyroidism who persistently interrupt the recommended calcium supplementation.

Quantification of cell-free circulating mitochondrial DNA copy number variation in hepatocellular carcinoma

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary malignant liver tumor. Mitochondrial DNA copy number has been shown to be associated with various malignancies. However, there has not been any study on the absolute quantification of mtDNA copy number in hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to develop a new method for absolute quantification of mtDNA copy number and to relatively quantify the variations in the mtDNA copy number in hepatocellular carcinoma patients in comparison with healthy individuals. METHODS: Venous blood samples were collected from both hepatocellular carcinoma patients (34) and healthy individuals (34). Circulating cell-free DNAs were isolated and the relative quantification of mtDNA copy number variation was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and digital polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: It was found that the relative mtDNA copy number was significantly decreased in hepatocellular carcinoma patients in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). The median (range) and average of relative mtDNA/β-actin gene of the patients were determined as 42.8 cp/μL (11.1-88.5) and 45.1 cp/μL, respectively, while the median (range) and average relative mtDNA/β-actin gene of the control group were determined as 102.8 cp/μL (55.1-291.8) and 138.7 cp/μL, respectively (p<0.05). When quantitative polymerase chain reaction and digital polymerase chain reaction were compared, mtDNA/β-actin gene copy number ratio of digital polymerase chain reaction results was found to be 1.76-fold more than that of quantitative polymerase chain reaction results. CONCLUSION: Circulating mtDNA copy number was decreased in hepatocellular carcinoma patients in comparison with healthy individuals, and we suggest that it can be used as a noninvasive biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis in the future.

Relationship between optical coherence tomography angiography and visual evoked potential in patients with multiple sclerosis

Purpose: This study aimed to identify an easy?to?apply biomarker by correlating visual evoked potential (VEP) with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) results in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Our study was planned prospectively. Patients with MS were divided into two groups, VEP prolonged group 1 and VEP normal group 2. Age?matched and gender?matched healthy individuals (group 3) were included as the control group. Vascular density (VD) of the optic nerve head (ONH) and radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs) were measured and recorded by OCTA. The optic nerve damage of patients was measured and recorded with a VEP device. Results: Thirty?two eyes were included in group 1, 50 eyes were included in group 2, and 51 healthy eyes were included in group 3. In terms of visual acuity, group 1 was significantly lower than the other groups (P < 0.001). Regardless of the prolongation of p100 latency in patients with MS, whole image, inside disc ONH VD and in the same sectors in RPC VD were found to be significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was found to be significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 and group 3 (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between low ONH VD and RPC VD and prolonged VEP P100 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: VEP measurements can be correlated with OCTA measurements in patients with MS and can be used as a biomarker to determine the degree of optic nerve damage

The effects of agomelatine in cisplatin-induced toxicity on the kidney and liver tissues: In vivo study

Abstract Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity are frequently seen adverse effects during cisplatin chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the effects of agomelatine on cisplatin-induced toxicity in the kidney and liver. Animals were administered with a single dose of cisplatin (7 mg/kg, i.p.) and treated with agomelatine (20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o) for seven days. Renal and hepatic functions were evaluated by measuring concentrations of creatinine, BUN, AST and ALT in the serum. Oxidative stress and protein peroxidation were assessed by measuring SOD, CAT, GSH and AOPP levels in both tissues. Serum PON-1 levels were also evaluated. Histopathological analysis was performed to determined structural changes in the kidney and liver. Agomelatine (20 mg/kg) treatment approximately halved cisplatin-related increase in serum creatinine, BUN, AST and ALT levels. Agomelatine (20 mg/kg) significantly prevented the cisplatin-induced excessive decrease in SOD, CAT, GSH in both tissues and serum PON-1 levels. Agomelatine (20 and 40 mg/kg) protected the structural integrity of the kidney against cisplatin-insult. Although agomelatine (40 mg/kg) protected the kidney and showed parallel results with 20 mg/kg biochemically, it failed to show the same liver tissue effects in both analyses. Although agomelatine protected against cisplatin-induced toxicity in the kidney and liver, care should be taken with higher doses for possible hepatotoxicity.

Do the changes of scapulothoracic angle affect winged scapula development and functional scores during clavicle fracture treatment? / As alterações do ângulo escapulotorácico afetam o desenvolvimento de escápula alada e escores funcionais durante o tratamento de fratura de clavícula?

ABSTRACT Introduction: To compare surgical and conservative management of midshaft clavicle fractures according with scapulothoracic joint angle change, considering clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes. Methods: A total of 95 midshaft clavicle fracture patients aged between 18-70 years with a minimum follow-up duration of 12 months were included in this study. Patients were treated either conservatively (Group I) or surgically (Group 2). Plane deformities, scapulothoracic joint angle, shortness and isokinetic muscle strength were measured. Shoulder Pain, Disability Index (SPADI) and Short Form-36 (SF36) were assessed. Results: Scapulothoracic joint angles were higher in the conservative treatment group than in surgery group (p=0.036). Consequently, winged scapula was seen more commonly in the conservative treatment group than in the surgery group (p=0.001). Surgical treatment was associated with significantly better SF-36 physical scores and with SPADI pain and disability scores. However, the two groups did not differ in terms of isokinetic muscle strength. Negative anteroposterior plane deformity (p<0.001) and negative axial plane deformity (p=0.004) were more frequent in the conservative treatment group. Clavicle shortness was more common in the conservative treatment group. Conclusion: According to our findings scapulothoracic joint angle changes were seen in the conservative treatment group more than in the surgery group. Consequently, winged scapula was seen more commonly in the conservative treatment group than in the surgery group (p=0.001). Level of Evidence III; Retrospective comparative study .

RESUMO Introdução: Comparar o manejo cirúrgico e conservador das fraturas da diáfise da clavícula conforme alteração do ângulo escapulotorácico, considerando resultados clínicos, funcionais e radiológicos. Métodos: Um total de 95 pacientes com fratura do terço médio da clavícula com idade entre 18-70 anos, com um tempo mínimo de seguimento de 12 meses, foram incluídos neste estudo. Os pacientes foram tratados conservadoramente (Grupo I) ou cirurgicamente (Grupo 2). Deformidades planas, ângulo escapulotorácico, encurtamento e força muscular isocinética foram medidos. O Índice de Dor e Incapacidade do Ombro (SPADI) e a Short Form-36 (SF36) foram avaliados. Resultados: Os ângulos da articulação escapulotorácica foram maiores no grupo de tratamento conservador do que no grupo de cirurgia (p=0,036). Consequentemente, a escápula alada foi vista mais comumente no grupo de tratamento conservador do que no grupo de cirurgia (p=0,001). O tratamento cirúrgico foi associado a escores físicos SF-36 significativamente melhores e escores SPADI de dor e incapacidade. No entanto, os dois grupos não diferiram em termos de força muscular isocinética. A deformidade no plano anteroposterior negativo (p<0,001) e a deformidade no plano axial negativo (p=0,004) foram mais frequentes no grupo de tratamento conservador. O encurtamento da clavícula foi mais comum no grupo de tratamento conservador. Conclusão: De acordo com nossos achados, as alterações do ângulo escapulotorácico foram mais observadas no grupo de tratamento conservador do que no grupo de cirurgia. Consequentemente, a escápula alada foi vista mais comumente no grupo de tratamento conservador do que no grupo de cirurgia (p=0,001). Nível de Evidência III; Estudo comparativo retrospectivo .

Endoscopic evaluation of middle ear anatomic variations in autopsy series: analyses of 204 ears / Avaliação endoscópica das variações anatômicas da orelha média em uma série de autópsias: análise de 204 orelhas

Abstract Introduction Microsurgery of the ear requires complete evaluation of middle ear surgical anatomy, especially the posterior tympanic cavity anatomy. Preoperative assessment of the middle ear cavity is limited by the permeability of eardrum and temporal bone density. Therefore, middle ear exploration is an extremely useful method to identify structural abnormalities and anatomical variations. Objective The aim of this study is to determine anatomic variations of the middle ear in an autopsy series. Methods All evaluations were performed in the Forensic Medicine Institute Morgue Department. The cases over 18 years of age, with no temporal bone trauma and history of otologic surgery included in this study. Results One hundred and two cadavers were included in the study. The mean age was 49.08 ± 17.76 years. Anterior wall prominence of the external auditory canal was present in 27 of all cadavers (26.4%). The tympanic membrane was normal in 192 ears (94%) while several eardrum pathologies were detected in 12 ears (6%). Agenesis of the pyramidal eminence and stapedial tendon was found in 3 ears. While the ponticulus was bony ridge-shaped in 156 of 204 ears (76.4%), it was bridge-shaped in 25 ears (12.3%). The ponticulus was absent in 23 ears (11.3%). While complete subiculum was present in 136 of all ears (66.7%), incomplete subiculum was present in 21 ears (10.3%). Subiculum was absent in 47 ears (23%). Facial dehiscence was found in 32 ears and the round window niche was covered by a pseudomembrane in 85 ears (41.6%). A fixed footplate was present in 7.4% of all ears, and no persistent stapedial artery was seen in any cases. Conclusion The pseudomembrane frequency covering the round window niche was found different from reports in the literature. In addition, the frequency of the external auditory canal wall prominence has been reported for the first time.

Resumo Introdução A otomicrocirurgia requer avaliação completa da anatomia cirúrgica da orelha média, especialmente da anatomia da cavidade timpânica posterior. A avaliação pré-operatória da cavidade timpânica é limitada pela permeabilidade do tímpano e densidade do osso temporal. Portanto, a exploração da orelha média é um método extremamente útil para identificar anormalidades estruturais e variações anatômicas. Objetivo Determinar as variações anatômicas da orelha média em uma série de autópsias. Método Todas as avaliações foram realizadas no necrotério do Instituto Médico-Legal. Os casos com mais de 18 anos, sem trauma do osso temporal e história de cirurgia otológica foram incluídos neste estudo. Resultados Cento e dois cadáveres foram incluídos no estudo. A média de idade foi de 49,08 ± 17,76 anos. A proeminência da parede anterior do conduto auditivo externo estava presente em 27 de todos os cadáveres (26,4%). A membrana timpânica era normal em 192 orelhas (94%), enquanto várias alterações do tímpano foram detectadas em 12 orelhas (6%). Agenesia da eminência piramidal e do tendão do estapédio foi encontrada em 3 orelhas. Enquanto o pontículo tinha formato de crista óssea em 156 das 204 orelhas (76,4%), tinha o formato de ponte em 25 orelhas (12,3%). O pontículo estava ausente em 23 orelhas (11,3%). Enquanto o subículo completo estava presente em 136 de todas as orelhas (66,7%), encontrava-se incompleto em 21 orelhas (10,3%). O subículo estava ausente em 47 orelhas (23%). Deiscência facial foi encontrada em 32 orelhas e o nicho da janela redonda estava coberto por uma pseudomembrana em 85 orelhas (41,6%). A platina fixa foi observada em 7,4% de todas as orelhas e a artéria estapediana persistente não foi vista. Conclusão A frequência da pseudomembrana que cobre o nicho da janela redonda foi diferente daquela encontrada na literatura. Além disso, a frequência da proeminência da parede do canal auditivo externo foi relatada pela primeira vez.

Assessment of effectiveness of anakinra and canakinumab in patients with colchicine-resistant/unresponsive familial Mediterranean fever

Abstract İntroduction: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary auto-inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent fever and serosal inflammation. Anti-interleukin-1 (Anti-IL-1) treatments are recommended in colchicine resistant and/or intolerant FMF patients. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of anakinra and canakinumab in FMF patients that are resistant/intolareted to colchicine or complicated with amyloidosis. Methods: Between January 2014 and March 2019, 65 patients following-up at Sivas Cumhuriyet University (Medical Faculty Rheumatology-Internal Medicine Department) who were diagnosed with FMF according to the criteria of Tel-Hashomer were included in the study. The laboratory values and clinical features of patients and disease activities were recorded at least every 3 months, and these data were analyzed. Results: Forty-one (63.1%) patients used anakinra (100 mg/day) and 24 (36.9%) patients used canakinumab (150 mg/8 week). The median duration of anti-IL-1 agents use was 7 months (range, 3-30). Fifteen (23.1%) cases were complicated with amyloidosis. Seven (10.8%) patients had renal transplantation. Overall, the FMF 50 score response was 96.9%. In the group that had a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 60 ml/min/m2, the median proteinuria decreased from 2390 mg/day (range, 1400-7200) to 890 mg/day (range, 120-2750) (p = 0.008). No serious infections were detected, except in one patient. Conclusions: Anti-IL-1 agents are effective and safe in the treatment of FMF patients. These agents are particularly effective at reducing proteinuria in patients with GFR ≥ 60 ml/min/m2, but less effective in cases with FMF associated with arthritis and sacroiliitis. Large and long follow-up studies are now needed to establish the long-term effects of these treatments.

Histopathological comparison of bone healing effects of endonasal and percutaneous lateral osteotomy methods in rabbit rhinoplasty model / Comparação histopatológica dos efeitos da cicatrização óssea entre as técnicas de osteotomia lateral endonasal e percutânea em modelo de rinoplastia em coelhos

Abstract Introduction: Lateral osteotomy is mainly performed either endonasally or percutaneously in rhinoplasty which is a frequently performed operation for the correction of nasal deformities. Both techniques have both advantages and disadvantages relative to each other. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the histopathological effects of endonasal and percutaneous osteotomy techniques performed in rhinoplasty on bone healing and nasal stability in an experimental animal model. Methods: Eight one year-old New Zealand white rabbits were included. Xylazine hydrocloride and intramuscular ketamine anesthesia were administered to the rabbits. Endonasal osteotomy (8 bones) was performed in Group 1 (n = 4), and percutaneous osteotomy (8 bones) in Group 2 (n = 4). One month later the rabbits were sacrificed. Bone healing of the rabbits was staged according to the bone healing score of Huddleston et al. In both groups, nasal bone integrity was assessed subjectively. Results: In the percutaneous osteotomy group, Grade 1 bone healing was observed in two samples (25%), Grade 2 bone healing in two samples (25%), Grade 3 bone healing in four samples (50%). In the endonasal osteotomy group, Grade 1 bone healing was observed in 6 samples (75%) and Grade 2 bone healing was observed in 2 samples (25%). In the percutaneous group, fibrous tissue was observed in 2, predominantly fibrous tissue and a lesser amount of cartilage was observed in 2 and an equal amount of fibrous tissue and cartilage was observed in 4 samples. In the endonasal group, fibrous tissue was observed in 6 samples, and predominantly fibrous tissue with a lesser amount of cartilage was observed in 2 samples. In both groups, when manual force was applied to the nasal bones, subjectively the same resistance was observed. Conclusion: Percutaneous lateral osteotomy technique was found to result in less bone and periost trauma and better bone healing compared to the endonasal osteotomy technique.

Resumo Introdução: Nas rinoplastias, a osteotomia lateral é realizada principalmente por via endonasal ou percutânea para correção de deformidades nasais. Ambas as técnicas apresentam vantagens e desvantagens. Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos histopatológicos sobre a cicatrização óssea e estabilidade nasal entre as técnicas de osteotomia endonasal e percutânea em rinoplastia em um modelo animal experimental. Método: Foram incluídos oito coelhos brancos da Nova Zelândia de um ano de idade. Hidrocloreto de xilazina e cetamina intramuscular foram administrados aos coelhos como agentes anestésicos. Osteotomia endonasal (8 ossos) foi realizada no Grupo 1 (n = 4) e osteotomia percutânea (8 ossos) no Grupo 2 (n = 4). Um mês depois, os coelhos foram sacrificados. A cicatrização óssea dos coelhos foi avaliada de acordo com o escore de cicatrização óssea de Huddleston et al. Em ambos os grupos, a integridade do osso nasal foi avaliada subjetivamente. Resultados: No grupo da osteotomia percutânea, observou-se cicatrização óssea de grau 1 em duas amostras (25%), cicatrização óssea de grau 2 em duas amostras (25%), e cicatrização óssea de grau 3 em quatro amostras (50%). No grupo da osteotomia endonasal, observou-se cicatrização óssea de grau 1 em 6 amostras (75%) e a cicatrização óssea de grau 2 foi observada em 2 amostras (25%). No grupo percutâneo, o tecido fibroso foi observado em 2 amostras, enquanto tecido predominantemente fibroso e uma menor quantidade de cartilagem foi observada em 2 e uma quantidade igual de tecido fibroso e cartilagem foi observada em 4 amostras. No grupo endonasal, observou-se tecido fibroso em 6 amostras e tecido predominantemente fibroso com uma menor quantidade de cartilagem em 2 amostras. Em ambos os grupos, quando força manual foi aplicada aos ossos nasais, a mesma resistência foi observada subjetivamente. Conclusão: A técnica de osteotomia lateral percutânea resultou em menor traumatismo ósseo e periosteal e melhor cicatrização óssea em comparação com a técnica de osteotomia endonasal.

The change in serum Thiol/Disulphide homeostasis after transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy

ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this prospective clinical study was to investigate variations in a novel oxidative stress marker (thiol/disulphide homeostasis) in men who underwent transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (TRUSB). Materials and Methods A total of 22 men undergoing TRUSB of the prostate were enrolled in the study. Patients with abnormal digital rectal examination and/or total prostate specific antigen (PSA) over 4ng/mL underwent TRUSB with 12 cores. Serum samples were obtained before and just after the procedure to evaluate the possible changes in thiol/disulphide homeostasis. Mean age, total PSA and free PSA, prostate volume and histopathological data were also recorded. Results Mean age of the study population was 65.05±8.89 years. Significant decreases in native and total thiol levels were documented after the biopsy procedure. However, serum disulphide levels and disulphide/native thiol, disulphide/total thiol and native/total thiol ratios did not significantly change after TRUSB. No correlation was observed between oxidative parameters and total PSA and free PSA levels, prostate volume and histopathology of the prostate. However, mean patient age was significantly correlated with mean native and total thiol levels. Conclusion Significant decreases in serum native and total thiol levels related to the prostate biopsy procedure suggest that TRUSB causes acute oxidative stress in the human body. Since our trial is the first in the current literature to investigate these oxidative stress markers in urology practice, additional studies are warranted.

Ischiofemoral impingement: assessment of mri findings and their reliability

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings and their validity in patients with ischiofemoral impingement syndrome (IFI) . Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 55 hips. MRI findings of 30 hips were consistent with IFI syndrome. Twenty five hips had no MRI findings consistent with IFI syndrome. We compared the ischiofemoral space (IFS), quadratus femoris space (QFS), ischial angle (IA) and femoral neck angle (FNA) between the age and gender matched groups. We also analyzed edema, fatty replacement and partial or total rupture of quadratus femoris muscle. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the data. Results: We observed atrophy in eight, fatty replacement also in eight and edema in all of the quadratus femoris muscle. QFS (p<0.001) and IFS (p<0.001) were significantly lower in patients as compared to the control group. IA (p=0.012) and FNA (p=0.010) values were significantly higher in patients compared with the control group. Conclusion: MRI findings of IFI include narrowing of QFS and IFS and increase in IA and FNA. This condition should be kept in mind for patients with hip pain. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Study.

Hypovitaminosis D in Children with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis / Hipovitaminosis D en niños con tiroiditis de Hashimoto

Background: Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency may play a role in the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases. Aim: To measure vitamin D levels in children with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) (either with subclinical or marked hypothyroidism) and in healthy controls. Material and Methods: We included 68 children with HT aged 12 ± 4 years (39 females) from a pediatric outpatient clinic and 68 healthy children aged 10 ± 4 years (37 females). Calcium metabolism parameters, thyroid function tests and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) and 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels were measured. Results: Patients were older than controls but well matched by gender distribution. Mean 25OHD levels were significantly lower in HT patients than controls (16.8 ± 9.3 and 24.1 ± 9.4 ng/mL respectively, P < 0.01). Frequency of vitamin D deficiency was 76 and 35% in HT patients and controls, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is more common in children with HT than healthy controls.

Antecedentes: La deficiencia o insuficiencia de vitamina D puede tener un rol en la patogenia de enfermedades autoinmunes. Objetivo: Medir niveles de vitamina D en niños con tiroiditis de Hashimoto (TH) (con hipotiroidismo subclínico o marcado) y en controles sanos. Material y Métodos: Estudiamos 68 niños con TH, de 12 ± 4 años (39 mujeres) y 68 controles sanos de 10 ± 4 años (37 mujeres). Se les midió parámetros de metabolismo de calcio, pruebas de función tiroidea, anticuerpos anti peroxidasa y anti tiroglobulina y 25 hidroxi vitamina D (25 OH vit D). Resultados: Los pacientes eran mayores que los controles pero la distribución por género era homogénea en ambos grupos. Los niveles de 25 OH vit D en pacientes y controles fueron 16,8 ± 9,3 y 24,1 ± 9,4 ng/mL respectivamente, p < 0,01. La frecuencia de deficiencia de vitamina D fue de 76 y 35% en pacientes y controles, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La deficiencia de vitamina D es más común en niños con TH.