cAMP-Epac1 signaling is activated in DDAVP-induced endolymphatic hydrops of guinea pigs

Abstract Objective To explore whether Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP)-Epac1 signaling is activated in 1-Desamino-8-D-arginine-Vasopressin-induced Endolymphatic Hydrops (DDAVP-induced EH) and to provide new insight for further in-depth study of DDAVP-induced EH. Methods Eighteen healthy, red-eyed guinea pigs (36 ears) weighing 200-350 g were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, which received intraperitoneal injection of sterile saline (same volume as that in the other two groups) for 7 consecutive days; the DDAVP-7d group, which received intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/mL/kg DDAVP for 7 consecutive days; and the DDAVP-14d group, which received intraperitoneal injection of 10 μg/mL/kg DDAVP for 14 consecutive days. After successful modeling, all animals were sacrificed, and cochlea tissues were collected to detect the mRNA and protein expression of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP-1 and 2 (Epac1, Epac2), and Repressor Activator Protein-1 (Rap1) by Reverse Transcription (RT)-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results Compared to the control group, the relative mRNA expression of Epac1, Epac2, Rap1A, and Rap1B in the cochlea tissue of the DDAVP-7d group was significantly higher (p< 0.05), while no significant difference in Rap1 GTPase activating protein (Rap1gap) mRNA expression was found between the two groups. The relative mRNA expression of Epac1, Rap1A, Rap1B, and Rap1gap in the cochlea tissue of the DDAVP-14d group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p< 0.05), while no significant difference in Epac2 mRNA expression was found between the DDAVP-14d and control groups. Comparison between the DDAVP-14d and DDAVP-7d groups showed that the DDAVP-14d group had significantly lower Epac2 and Rap1A (p< 0.05) and higher Rap1gap (p < 0.05) mRNA expression in the cochlea tissue than that of the DDAVP-7d group, while no significant differences in Epac1 and Rap1B mRNA expression were found between the two groups. Western blotting showed that Epac1 protein expression in the cochlea tissue was the highest in the DDAVP-14d group, followed by that in the DDAVP-7d group, and was the lowest in the control group, showing significant differences between groups (p< 0.05); Rap1 protein expression in the cochlea tissue was the highest in the DDAVP-7d group, followed by the DDAVP-14d group, and was the lowest in the control group, showing significant differences between groups (p< 0.05); no significant differences in Epac2 protein expression in the cochlea tissue were found among the three groups. Conclusion DDAVP upregulated Epac1 protein expression in the guinea pig cochlea, leading to activation of the inner ear cAMP-Epac1 signaling pathway. This may be an important mechanism by which DDAVP regulates endolymphatic metabolism to induce EH and affect inner ear function. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence Level 5.

Volatile Oil of Linderae Radix Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy of Gastric Cancer AGS Cells via AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of the volatile oil of Linderae Radix on the apoptosis and autophagy of human gastric cancer cell line AGS， and to explore the regulatory role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway in this process. MethodThe volatile oil of Linderae Radix was extracted by steam distillation， and the effect of the volatile oil on the viability of AGS cells was detected by thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） colorimetry. The optimal intervention dose and time were determined according to the half maximal inhibitory concentration （IC50） for subsequent research. The blank， low， medium， and high-dose volatile oil （0， 15， 30， 60 mg·L-1） groups and the positive drug cyclophosphamide （CTX， 350 mg·L-1） group were designed. AGS cells were treated with different doses of volatile oil for 48 h. The changes in cell proliferation， cycle， and migration were measured by colony formation assay， flow cytometry， and cell scratch test， respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was employed to observe the changes of cell morphology， Annexin-V/propidium iodide （PI） double staining to measure the apoptosis， and acridine orange （AO） staining to measure the autophagy level of the cells. Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of the autophagy effectors Beclin-1， p62， microtubule-associated protein 1-light chain 3 （LC3）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase （PARP）， adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， phosphorylated AMPK （p-AMPK）， mTOR， and phosphorylated mTOR （p-mTOR）. ResultCompared with the blank group， 24 h and 48 h of intervention with the volatile oil of Linderae Radix inhibited the viability of AGS cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the volatile oil decreased the cell proliferation and migration （P<0.05， P<0.01） and blocked the AGS cell cycle in G2/M phase （P<0.05， P<0.01） in a concentration-dependent manner. The cells treated with the volatile oil became spherical and smaller， with the formation of apoptotic bodies and increased apoptosis rate （P<0.05， P<0.01）. As the dose of the volatile oil increased， the number of autophagosomes increased and the red fluorescence gradually enhanced， indicating the elevated level of autophagy. Compared with the blank group， different doses of volatile oil up-regulated the protein levels of Beclin-1， LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ， cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved PARP， Bax/Bcl-2， and AMPK （P<0.05， P<0.01） and down-regulated the protein levels of p62 and p-mTOR （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe volatile oil of Linderae Radix induces the apoptosis and exerts the autophagy-mediated growth inhibition of AGS cells by regulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

Anti-inflammatory Effect and Mechanism of Duhuo Jishengtang on Rheumatoid Arthritis Rats Based on TLR2/p38 MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the anti-inflammatory effect of Duhuo Jishengtang （DHJST） on collagen-induced arthritis （CIA） model rats and its effect on the Toll-like receptor 2 （TLR2）/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway. MethodForty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into the following six groups （n=8）： normal group， model group， methotrexate （MTX） group， low-dose DHJST （DHJST-L） group， medium-dose DHJST （DHJST-M） group， and high-dose DHJST （DHJST-H） group. The CIA model was established by injecting bovine type Ⅱ collagen into the rat tail root with the collagen antibody induction method. After model induction， rats were treated with drugs by gavage. The rats in the MTX group received MTX at 2.0 mg·kg-1， three times a week， and those in the DHJST groups received DHJST at 3.8， 7.6， 15.2 g·kg-1·d-1 for 28 days. The rats in the normal group and the model group were given the same dose of normal saline. The weight of the rats was recorded， and the paw swelling degree was observed. The arthritis index and immune organ index were measured， and the changes in the microcirculation indexes of the rats were detected with a microcirculation detector. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to detect the pathological morphologic changes in rat synovial tissues and the apoptosis rate of synovial cells was detected by flow cytometry to determine the therapeutic effect of DHJST on rheumatoid arthritis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the changes in serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-17A， and interferon-γ （IFN-γ）. The protein expression of TLR2， NF-κB p65， phosphorylated NF-κB p65 （p-NF-κB p65）， p38 MAPK， and p-p38 MAPK was detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed reduced body weight （P<0.01）， increased paw swelling degree， arthritis index， and immune organ index （P<0.01）， increased comprehensive microvascular score and vascular resistance （P<0.01）， significant hyperplasia of synovial tissues and massive infiltration of inflammatory cells as revealed by pathological sections， and up-regulated expression levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-17A， and IFN-γ in serum， and TLR2， p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK in synovial tissues （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the DHJST groups showed increased body weight of rats （P<0.01）， decreased paw swelling degree， arthritis index， and immune organ index （P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced comprehensive microvascular score and vascular resistance （P<0.05， P<0.01）， improved synovial histopathological injury， increased apoptosis rate of synovial cells （P<0.01）， and down-regulated levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-17A， and IFN-γ in serum （P<0.05， P<0.01） and TLR2， p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK in synovial tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionDHJST may alleviate the inflammatory reaction in CIA rats by regulating the TLR2/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway， thus exerting its anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect.

Experimental study on the relationship between foam pressure difference and foam stability / 生物医学工程学杂志

Foam stability affects the efficacy and incidence of side effects of foam sclerotherapy. Exploring the relationship between foam pressure difference and foam stability can provide ideas and basis for obtaining more stable foam. In the experiment, sodium cod liver oleate foam was selected, and poloxamer 188 (concentration of 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%) was added to realize the change of foam pressure. By using the self-written program to process the foam pictures, the foam pressure difference and the relationship between the foam stability indicators (water separation rate curve, half-life) and the foam pressure difference were obtained. The results showed that at first the foam pressure increased with the increase of the concentration, and then it decreased with the increase of the concentration and reached a peak at the concentration of 4%. The foam pressure difference decreases continuously with the increase of decay time. When the additive concentration is low, the foam average pressure difference increases. And if the additive concentration is too high, the foam average pressure difference decreases. The smaller the foam pressure difference is, the better the foam stability is. This paper lays a foundation for the research on the stability of foam hardener.

Risk factors for cerebral oxygen supply-related postoperative cognitive dysfunction: recent research progress / 中华老年医学杂志

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) refers to changes in mental activity, personality, social activities and cognitive abilities of patients after anesthesia or surgery.POCD is mainly manifested as impairment of memory, attention, and language comprehension as well as the decline of social ability.POCD has a high incidence, especially among the elderly.Many clinical trails and animal experiments have been conducted on POCD, and studies on the risk factors and pathogenesis of POCD can provide clues to reduce the occurrence of POCD.Adequate cerebral oxygen supply is essential for the normal function of brain, and the insufficient oxygen supply to the brain caused by various factors may lead to the occurrence of POCD.This paper reviews the risk factors for POCD caused by insufficient cerebral oxygen supply.

Systematic evaluation of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescent depressive patients / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Non-suicidal self-injury, which is especially common in depressed adolescents, has become an important public health issue of global concern.It’s an independent risk factor for suicide, which not only seriously affects the physical and mental health of individuals, but also brings a great burden to families and society.The research status of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescent depression were systematically evaluated, aiming to improve the understanding of non-suicidal non-suicidal self-injury in adolescent depression, and provide a basis for clinical treatment and prevention of serious suicidal behavior.

Numerical Study on Effects of Different Adhesive Materials for Ceramic Restoration on Stress Distributions / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effect of different adhesive materials on all-ceramic restoration. Methods The all-ceramic restoration system model of mandibular first molar was established by spiral computed tomography (CT) scanning and computer-aided design (CAD) modeling. Four types of resin adhesive materials (Duo Cement,Lute-It,Rely-X ARC,Variolink II) used in clinics were selected, and the stress distribution was calculated using the ABAQUS software. Results The stress at the bonding interface was the highest when low filler adhesive Lute-It was used. Based on the viscoelasticity analysis, resin adhesives with a larger storage modulus and loss modulus could yield lower stress extremes. Conclusions The study suggests that high-filler type resin adhesives with a large energy storage modulus and loss modulus should be used clinically.

The effect of long-term high-fat diet on hippocampal neurons ultrastructural and cognitive function in obese rats / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of long-term high-fat diet on cognitive function and hippocampus neurons ultrastructure in obese rats.Methods Forty SD rats were randomly assigned to a high fat diet (HFD) group and a common diet (CD) group.Meanwhile,HFD-induced obese rat model were established.The spatial learning and memory were measured by the Morris water maze,and the neurons ultrastructural changes in rat hippocampus CA1 region at the corresponding period were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results The average weight of rats was 25％,28％,and 22％ higher in the HFD group than in the CD group at the 12,16,and 20 weeks,respectively;the Lee's indexes were 6％,4％,and 8％ higher;the average swimming latency were 52％,44％,and 40％ longer;the average swimming distance were 85％,45％,and 51％ longer;the average swimming speed were 57％,34％,and 18％ higher;the duration of staying in the target quadrant were 32％,54％,and 63％ shorter;and the average times of crossing the plate form were 30％,34％,and 34％ shorter,respectively (all P ＜0.001).In comparison of ultrastructure in hippocampus CA1 region of rats at corresponding time points,the amounts of degenerated and necrosis neurons,of the deformed and vacuolar mitochondria,and of the less rough endoplasmic reticulum were significantly more at 12,16,and 20 weeks in the HFD group than in the CD group.Conclusions Long-term HFD-induced obesity damages the structure of neurons in the hippocampus,impairs spatial learning and memory function,and accelerates cognitive aging in rats.

Effects of miR-26a on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of uveal melanoma cell and its mechanism / 眼科新进展

Objective To analyze the effects of miR-26a on proliferation,apoptosis,migration and invasion of uveal melanoma cell.Methods The expressions level of miR-26a in the uveal melanoma cell lines SP6.5 and M23 and normal cell line ARPE-19 was detected by qRT-PCR.The SP6.5 cell line was divided into miR-26a mimics group (transfect with miR-26a mimics) and NC group (transfect with scramble by Lipofectamine 2000).The proliferation and apoptosis ability were measured by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry.The cell wound scratch assay and transwell assay were used to detect the migration and invasion ability.The expression level of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) protein was measured by Western blot.Results The expressions level of miR-26a in uveal melanoma cell line SP6.5 was 0.250 ± 0.029,M23 was 0.350 ±0.017,which was significantly lower than 1.0 in normal cell line ARPE-19 (all P ＜0.001).The OD450 value at 72 hours,96 hours and 120 hours in miR-26a mimics group (0.69 ±--0.09,1.23 ± 0.15,2.12 ± 0.23) were significantly lower than those in NC group (1.39-0.11,2.35 ±0.25,3.53 ±0.27) (all P ＜0.05).The apoptosis rate of miR-26a mimics group (15.60％ ± 2.30％) was significantly higher than that of NC group (5.00％ ± 0.70％) (P ＜ 0.01).The wound healing rate of miR-26a mimics group (23.7％ ±2.1％) was significantly lower than that of NC group (68.9 ±5.1％) (P ＜0.01).While the invasive cell number (45.1 ± 3.9) was also significantly less than NC group (115.3 ± 8.9) (P ＜ 0.01).The expression level of EZH2 protein in miR-26a mimics group (0.39 ±0.09) was significantly lower than that of NC group (1.0,P ＜0.01).Conclusion MiR-26a is low expressed in uveal melanoma cells.Over expression of miR-26a inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of uveal melanoma cell,and promote the apoptosis,which may be associated with down-regulated expression of EZH2.

Association of serum albumin level with clinicopathologic features and prognosis in colon cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical significance of preoperative serum albumin level and its association with survival in colon cancer patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinicopathological data of 621 consecutive patients with colon cancer admitted in Henan Cancer Hospital between January 2000 and December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into hypoalbuminemic and normal groups according to the definition of hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin < 35 g/L). Clinicopathological features were compared between two groups. The association of preoperative serum albumin level and the prognosis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank test. Multivariate Cox model was used to evaluate the survival.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty-seven(10.8%) patients were defined as preoperative hypoalbuminemia and were mostly found in those with right hemicolon cancer. Preoperative serum albumin level was associated with depth of tumor (χ(2)=35.609, P=0.000), lymph node metastasis (χ(2)=8.110, P=0.004), distant metastasis (χ(2)=9.064, P=0.003), advanced TNM T staging (χ(2)=23.070, P=0.000), and not associated with age, gender, tumor gross type, histological type, and degree of tumor differentiation (all P>0.05). 5-year survival rate of hypoalbuminemia group and normal group was 55.2% and 66.1% respectively (P=0.032). Univariate analysis revealed age (P=0.000), tumor gross type (P=0.014), degree of tumor differentiation (P=0.014), depth of tumor (P=0.000), lymph node metastasis (P=0.001), distant metastasis (P=0.000), advanced TNM T staging (P=0.000), operative method (P=0.000) and preoperative serum albumin level (P=0.032) were associated with survival. Cox multivariate analysis revealed the albumin level was the independent prognostic factor of the 5-year overall survival (HR:0.694, 95% CI: 0.492-0.980, P=0.038). The patients with higher albumin level had better survival outcome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Preoperative serum albumin level is an independent prognostic factor for colon cancer. Colon cancer patients with hypoalbuminemia have worse clinicopathological manifestation and poorer overall survival.</p>

Effect of somatostatin analogue octreotide on metabolism of LPS-induced A549 cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the effects of octreotide on metabolism in the A549 cells treated with lipopo-lysaccharides ( LPS).METHODS: The technologies of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) were used to test the metabolism of lung A549 cells subject to different treat-ment with LPS and/or octreotide.The results were visualized and checked by chromatogram, and the corresponding intensi-ty data were analyzed by the principal component analysis(PCA)method.The metabolites with different expression and the underlying interaction network were resolved.RESULTS: The metabolism analysis by LC/MS method indicated that there were different expression levels between different treated groups.Further analysis was carried out by orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and the different expressed metabolites were obtained, which were mainly amino acids and phospholipids.By analyzing with GC/MS method and t-test, the different expressed metabolites were mainly organic acid, saccharides and amino acid metabolite.The interaction network diagram was constructed about the response of A549 cells induced by LPS and/or octreotide, including glycolysis/gluconenogenesis, tryptophan metabo-lism, galactose metabolism, urine cycle and citrate cycle.Fourteen key components were found such as serotonin, indole, threonine, serine, glucose, phenylalanine, lactose, fumarate, 4-hydroxyphenyllactate, aspartate, asparagine, putrescine, proline and succinate.CONCLUSION: In octreotide treated LPS-induced A549 cells, the main metabolites are organic acid, saccharides, amino acids and phospholipids.The interaction network is constructed, including 5 metabolic pathways and 14 key components.

Bilateral ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block in shoulder joint release surgery for shoulder periarthritis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the anesthetic efficacy and safety of bilateral ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block in patients undergoing arthrolysis for shoulder periarthritis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-seven patients (ASA class I-II) undergoing bilateral shoulder joint release surgery and 24 ml received bilateral ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block anesthesia with 0.4% ropivacaine and 0.8% lidocaine. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for shoulder joint pain were recorded before and after anesthesia. The efficacy of axillary nerve, dorsal scapular nerve and suprascapular nerve block was evaluated, and the anesthetic effect and complications was assessed during surgery. Before and after anesthesia, the range of left and right diaphragmatic muscle movement was measured when the patient took a quiet breath and a deep breath.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients showed no significant variations in MAP, HR, or SpO₂after anesthesia. The VAS scores of shoulder joint pain during anteflexion, abduction, posterior extension, rotation, posterior extension and medial rotation were significantly lowered after anesthesia (P<0.05), but the left and the right diaphragm movement range showed no significant difference between quiet breath and deep breath (P>0.05). The rates of complete block of the axillary nerve and dorsal scapular nerve was 100%, and that of suprascapular nerve was 92.6%. Partial phrenic nerve block occurred in 1 case with mild local anesthetic toxicity in another.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Bilateral ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block in patients has excellent analgesic effect in should joint release surgery with good safely.</p>

Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass for 30 min on structure and mechanical properties of erythrocyte membrane surface / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To observe and analyze the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) for 30 min on surface ultra-structure and mechanical properties of the erythrocyte membrane by atomic force microscopy (AFM).METHODS:Ten cases of elective patients in cardiac surgery were selected in the study and divided into control ( CON) group and CPB group.The central venous blood (2 mL) before surgery and 30 min after CPB was collected with heparin anticoagulation . The non-circular red blood cells were counted under a stand fluorescence microscope .AFM was used to examine the ultra-structure of the membrane surface and measure the force curve of the erythrocytes .RESULTS:The percentage of non-cir-cular red blood cells in CPB group showed no statistically significant differences as compared with CON group .AFM images showed that the significant differences of membrane surface concave and convex , evenness , particle distribution , the sur-face average roughness (Ra), the surface root mean square roughness (Rq) and cell membrane adhesion between CPB group and CON group were observed .However, the membrane deformation resilience and curve slope had no significant difference between the 2 groups.CONCLUSION:Cardiopulmonary bypass for 30 min changes the morphology and ultra-structure of the erythrocyte membrane surface , and increases the adhesion between cells .

Stereological study of the placenta in patients receiving different vasopressors for hypotension during cesarean section / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of dopamine and phenylephrine for treatment of hypotension during cesarean section under combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSEA) on the stereology of the placenta.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty puerperants undergoing cesarean section under CSEA were randomly divided into dopamine group and phenylephrine group. Ropivacaine (16 mg) was administered immediately after spinal anethesia. Blood pressure was maintained near the baseline by adjusting the drug infusion rate. Fetal blood gas, Apgar score, and placental villus microvascular stereological changes were observed during the operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The microvascular density was significantly lower in dopamine group than in phenylephrine group (P<0.05). Phenylephrine group showed significantly lower umbilical artery blood pH than dopamine group (P<0.05). The Apgar score and blood pressure were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared to the baseline, both of the two groups showed significantly lowered heart rate during the operation (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dopamine is associated with the risk of fetal acidosis. Phenylephrine is helpful for preventing hypotension by increasing placental blood flow and improving oxygen supply to ensure maternal and fetal safety during cesarean section.</p>

Correlation between Pet-CO2 and PaCO2 in morbidly obese patients during anesthesia for laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) and end expiratory tidal partial pressure of CO2 (Pet-CO2) in morbidly obese patients during anesthesia for laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty morbidly obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) between 35 and 50 kg/m(2) underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery under general anesthesia. PaCO2 and Pet-CO2 were measured after intubation and before induction of pneumoperitoneum (T0), at 30 min (T1), 60 min (T2), and 120 min (T3) during pneumoperitoneum, and at 30 min (T4) and 60 min (T5) after deflation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At each time point of measurement, Pet-CO2 was lower than PaCO2 in all the patients. PaCO2 and Pet-CO2 were positively correlated before, during, and after pneumoperitoneum (P<0.05). At a moderate pressure of CO2 pneumoperitoneum (16 mmHg), the level of correlation between PaCO2 and Pet-CO2 at T1, T2, and T3 differed from that before and after post-pneumoperitoneum.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PaCO2 and Pet-CO2 are closely correlated during a moderate CO2 pneumoperitoneum in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery.</p>

Expression and clinical significance of Wnt5a in gastric carcinoma / 实用医学杂志

Objective To study the significance of Wnt5a gene expression in gastric carcinoma (GC). Methods The Wnt5a mRNA expressions in SGC7901 cell line and normal gastric mucosa GES-1 cell line were detected by RT-PCR. The Wnt5a protein expressions in 60 GC and 30 matched tumor-adjacent normal tissue samples were examined by immunohistochemistry using the streptavidin-peroxidase method.χ2 test was used to analyze Wnt5a expression on the clinical pathologic features of gastric carcinoma. Results Both Wnt5a mRNA and Wnt5a protein were significantly higher in SGC7901 cells than those in GES-1 cells. The positive rate of Wnt5a protein expression was also significantly higher in GC than that in tumor-adjacent normal tissue (P < 0.05). Positive expression of Wnt5a was associated with higher degree of regional lymph node metastasis and the later TNM stage (P < 0.05). Conclusion Higher expression of Wnt5a seems to promote invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer, and Wnt5a might play an oncogene-like role in the development of gastric carcinoma.

Dexmedetomidine improves oxygenation during one-lung ventilation in balanced anesthesia with propofol-fentanyl in adults / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on oxygenation function in adult patients with balanced anesthesia by propofol-fentanyl under one-lung ventilation (OLV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-two patients undergoing thoracic operation were randomly divided into the study group and control group, both receiving propofol and fentanyl balanced anesthesia. In the study group, additional infusion of dexmedetomidine (0.3 µg/kg loading dose, 0.3 µg·kg(-1)·h(-1) maintenance dose) was administered, and the patients in the control group received only normal saline. Arterial blood samples were obtained at 4 time points from each patient during anesthesia for blood gas analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the study group, the pH values remained stable, the oxygenation index tended to decline progressively, but the incidence of hypoxemia was low; in the control group, the pH value and oxygenation index both declined progressively with a higher incidence of hypoxemia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dexmedetomidine can better maintain the oxygenation function of OLV patients in balanced anesthesia by propofol and fentanyl, and its mechanism may be related to the decreased dose of propofol used.</p>

Linearly polarized near-infrared irradiation combined with aerothermotherapy for treatment of frozen shoulder in diabetic patients / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of linearly polarized near-infrared irradiation (Super Lizer) combined with aerothermotherapy in the treatment of patients with frozen shoulder and diabetes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-four diabetic patients with frozen shoulder were randomized into 3 groups to receive a 20-day treatment with drug therapy and shoulder exercise (control group), daily linearly polarized near-infrared irradiation in addition to the control therapy (Super Lizer group), or daily Super lizer and aerothermotherapy (S+P group) in addition to the control therapy. Visual analogue scale was used to assess the changes in the pain intensity, and the shoulder movement was assessed using shoulder movement disorder degree integral scores.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the 20-day treatment, the VAS scores and shoulder movement disorder degree integral scores in the 3 groups all significantly decreased (P<0.05), and these scores in Super Lizer group and S+P group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The cure rate in S+P group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Linearly polarized near-infrared irradiation combined with aerothermotherapy is effective for treatment of patients with frozen shoulder and diabetes with a high cure rate and short treatment course.</p>

Effects of linear polarized infrared light irradiation on proliferation of primary cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of linear polarized infrared light irradiation on the proliferation of primary cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes irradiation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primary cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes were irradiated with linear polarized infrared light irradiation (Super Lizer) at the power intensity of 20% (360 mW) to 100% (1800 mW) for 5 min per day for 5 days, and CCK-8 assay was used to measure the proliferative activity of the chondrocytes after the exposures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The D(450) values of the cells irradiated at the power intensity of 60% (1080 mW) and 80% (1440 mW) (1.88∓0.11 and 1.99∓0.05, respectively) were significantly greater than that of the control cells (0.95∓0.38, P<0.05). The irradiation with Super Lizer at lower (20%, 360 mW and 40%, 720 mW) or higher (100%, 1800 mW) power intensities did not cause significant increases of the D(450) values. Compared with the control group, Super Lizer irradiation at the power intensities of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% resulted in increment ratios of chondrocyte viability of (48.75∓15.4 )%, (67.02∓29.61)%, (97.93∓11.57)%, and (108.52∓5.81)%, respectively, but at 100% power intensity (1800 mW), the irradiation caused a lowered chondrocyte viability increment ratio of (62.84∓31.12)%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Linear polarized infrared light irradiation can promote the proliferation of chondrocytes in an intensity-dependent manner, and the strongest effect occurs with the irradiation power intensity of 80% (1440 mW).</p>

Perfluorocarbon in combination with ligustrazine protects against lung injury during liver transplantation in pigs with hepatopulmonary syndrome / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effects of perfluorocarbon and ligustrazine on lung injury during liver transplantation in pigs with hepatopulmonary syndrome. METHODS:A hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) model of pig was established by chronic bile duct ligation. The animals were assigned randomly to 2 groups:(1) Perfluorocarbon in combination with ligustrazine treatment groups (PFCL group):the pigs were treated with intratracheal instillation of perfluorocarbon and ligustrazine; (2) The conventional mechanical ventilation group (MV group):all animals were subjected to mechanical ventilation and orthotopic liver transplantation. After 5 h the lungs were harvested for further analysis. RESULTS:The lung wet to dry weight radio,pulmonary permeation index and leukocyte count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) in PFCL group significantly decreased compared to MV group (P<0.05). Contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the lung tissue,plasma and BALF of pigs in PFCL group were significantly lower than those in MV group (P<0.05). Moreover,the activation of NF-κB was inhibited markedly by PFCL. CONCLUSION:Perfluorocarbon in combination with ligustrazine effectively reduces the PMN accumulation in the lungs,inhibits TNF-α and IFN-γ production and protects against lung injury during liver transplantation in pigs with hepatopulmonary syndrome.