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Objective To review and investigate the malaria control history of Wuzhou City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 1950 to 2015,so as to provide the evidence for future malaria control and surveillance. Methods The data of ma?laria control in Wuzhou City from 1950 to 2015 were collected and analyzed. Results In 1950 decade,the malaria incidence in Wuzhou City was 1 435.55/100 000,higher than the average level in Guangxi,and the mortality of malaria was 0.95/100 000. The malaria incidence of local residents was reduced to 3.61/100 000 in 1979 and no local malaria case was found since. The im?ported malaria cases were found in Wuzhou City since 1980,and were more than local cases since 1981. In recent five years, 87.50%(7/8)of imported malaria cases were from south?east Asia. Conclusions Wuzhou City has reached the national criteri?on of malaria elimination,but the imported malaria is the recent threat. The surveillance and control work of malaria should be strengthened.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Hechi City,Guangxi Zhuang Autono?mous Region from 2005 to 2015,so as to provide the evidence for formulating and adjusting measures of malaria elimination. Methods The data of malaria cases in 11 counties of Hechi City from 2005 to 2015 were collected and analyzed by using Micro?soft Office Excel 2003 and SPSS 17.0. Results A total of 160 malaria cases were reported in Hechi City from 2005 to 2015, and the annual average malaria incidence was 3.6 per million. There were 10 local recurrence cases(accounting for 6.25%,10/160)and 150 imported cases(accounting for 93.75%,150/160). For the etiology,Plasmodium vivax accounted for 51.87%(83/160)in these cases,P. falciparum accounted for 34.38%(55/160),P. ovale accounted for 1.25%(2/160),P. malariae account?ed for 5.00%(8/160),and the indeterminate accounted for 7.50%(12/160). During the period of 11 years,the malaria inci?dence first dropped and then rose. There were no local cases after 2009. However,an imported falciparum malaria death case was reported in 2010,a severe imported falciparum malaria case was reported in 2013 and another in 2015. A severe case of ma?ternal?neonatal vivax malaria was reported in 2014. These cases were mainly distributed in 10 counties of Hechi City,with more young male adults who engaged in digging mining. More cases concentrated from April to August. Most of the reported malaria cases were imported,60.00%(96/160)of them returned from Africa and Southeast Asia,and 33.75%(54/160)from other do?mestic provinces. The median of the interval from symptom appearance to diagnosis was 5 d,and there was a significant differ?ence among the above years(c2=33.40,P<0.05). Conclusions Malaria is still an important public health problem in Hechi City,and the appropriate control measures and effective tools should be strengthened for malaria elimination. The key to consoli?date the achievements of malaria control is strengthening the malaria monitoring management of the floating population.
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Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of the imported malaria cases in Guangxi Zhuang Autono?mous Region in 2014,so as to assess the transmission risk and explore the prevention and control strategy. Methods The data of the malaria epidemic situation in the network direct report system of Guangxi in 2014 and the annual report of malaria epidem?ic situation in 14 cities were collected. The epidemiological information of the imported malaria cases was analyzed. Results A total of 184 malaria patients were reported in Guangxi in 2014,with a descent rate of 85.29%when compared to that in 2013 (1 251 cases),and the incidence rate was 0.35/100 000. All the cases were imported from abroad,and four species of Plasmodi?um were found in their blood samples. The number of falciparum malaria cases was the most(49.46%),followed by the ovale malaria cases(32.07%). All the cases were distributed in 32 counties(districts)of 11 cities ,and 65.76%of them were distrib?uted in Shanglin County. Most of the cases were male(98.37%),and those aged in 20-49 years accounted for 87.50%. The im?ported cases came from 14 countries of Africa(86.41%)and 2 countries of Southeast Asia(13.59%),in which,48.37%of the cases were imported from Garner. The main occupation of the cases in abroad was gold mining work(86.96%). The cases were reported all the year around,with no obvious seasonality. The interval time of back home to attack of the patients with tertian ma?laria and ovale malaria was longer. Conclusion Africa and Southeast Asia is the main source of imported malaria cases in Guangxi,and the migrant workers returning home may have the risk of malaria recurrence,which should be paid enough atten?tion to.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the population genetic variation, genetic diversity and phylogenesis of Anopheles sinensis in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Anopheles sinensis samples collected from Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Guizhou, and Yunnan Provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region with different geographical conditions between 2010 and 2012 were analyzed by mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtDNA-COI) gene amplification and sequencing. Bioedit 7.0 and DnaSP 5.0 software was used to compare the gene sequences and analyze the population genetic structure, respectively. Arlequin 3.1 was used to calculate the genetic distance and parameters of population differentiation. The relationship between the geographic and genetic distances was analyzed using IBD Web Service. PHYLIP 3.6 was used to construct the phylogenetic tree.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PCR amplification and sequencing was performed successfully for 6 Anopheles sinensis populations containing 123 female mosquitoes. The length of mtDNA-COI gene fragment was 841 bp with an average A+T content of 71.2% and G+C content of 28.8%. High nucleotide diversity and genetic differentiation were observed among the Anopheles sinensis populations based on mtDNA-COI gene. Analysis of the molecular variance revealed a greater variation between populations than that within populations with isolation by distance between the populations. The Anopheles sinensis populations appeared to have undergone expansion, but the Yunnan population constituted an isolated branch in the phylogenetic tree.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>mtDNA-COI can serve as the molecular marker to analyze population genetic variation and phylogenesis of Anopheles sinensis. The Yunnan population shows a phylogenetic difference from the other populations analyzed in this study.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Anopheles , Genetics , China , DNA, Mitochondrial , Genetics , Electron Transport Complex IV , Genetics , Genetic Variation , Genetics, Population , PhylogenyABSTRACT
The professional competency of medical informatics graduates from China Medical University in 1992-2011 was investigated, the requirements of employers for their professional competency were analyzed, and the current medical informatics curriculum system was evaluated with suggestions put forward for the reform of medical informatics curriculum system, including revision of its training target, measures for curriculum system reform, and improvement of confidence.
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Objective To observe platelet dynamics in a monkey infected with Plasmodium cynomolgi before and after treatments with antibiotics and antimalarial drug. Methods One experimental monkey was examined for parasite density and platelet count 2 days after parasite inoculation. Observation without treatment continued for 24 days after the parasite was detected in the blood sample of the monkey. Then the monkey was treated with Azithromycin (total 1500 mg) for 3 days. Thirty days after parasite detection in the blood, the monkey was treated with Artesunate for 5 days. Parasite density and platelet count were monitored daily during treatments. The result was compared with that from a healthy monkey as control. Results The experimental monkey's platelet count was 240× 109/L before infection. When parasite density was 2/100 white blood cells (WBC),platelet count increased to 540 × 109/L. During the subsequent period of infection, parasite density fluctuated at (1-60)/100 WBC, and the platelet count reduced to a persistent level of (130-150)×109/L. After the infected monkey was treated with Azithromycin, parasite density reduced initially but subsequently fluctuated at (16-64)/100 WBC. Meanwhile, platelet count was restored to 234.5 × 109/L.The infected monkey was treated with Artesunate and parasite clearance time was 64 hours, and the mean platelet count was 247 × 109/L after treatment. Conclusion Azithromycin and Artesunate treatment have direct influence on the recovery of platelet counts during malaria infection in monkeys.