A case of tracheal foreign body encountered in a Kangal dog: clinical, radiological, endoscopic findings and treatment / Un caso de cuerpo extraño traqueal encontrado en un perro Kangal: hallazgos clínicos, radiológicos, endoscópicos y tratamiento

Resumen Un paciente canino macho Kangal de 4 meses que fue llevado a nuestra clínica con antecedentes de tos severa, disestrés respiratorio y anorexia. En el examen clínico se determinó que el paciente tenía dificultad para respirar y una masa firme a la palpación de la región del cuello. Se observó que el reflejo del vómito estaba estimulado en el animal. Como resultado del examen radiográfico y endoscópico, se encontró un cuerpo extraño en la región caudal de la laringe. Una vez realizado el diagnóstico, se anestesió al paciente y se extrajo el cuerpo extraño con la ayuda de un laringoscopio. En el postoperatorio, se le administró al paciente antibióticos parenterales y antiséptico oral durante una semana. Se debate el abordaje de casos de cuerpos extraños en el tracto respiratorio de caninos.

Abstract The subject of this study was a dog brought to our clinic with complaints of severe cough, dyspnea and anorexia. During the clinical examination, a hard mass was detected by palpation of the neck area. Vomiting reflex was observed. As a result of radiographic and endoscopic examination, a foreign body was found in the caudal part of the larynx. After the diagnosis was made, the patient was anesthetized and the foreign body was removed with forceps from the oral cavity. During the postoperative period, the patient was administered parenteral antibiotics and intraoral antiseptic for a week. The approach to foreign body cases in the respiratory tract of dogs is discussed.

Correlation of interleukin-33 with Th cytokines and clinical severity of dry eye disease

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the tear and serum protein levels of interleukin-33 (IL-33) and its correlation with Th cytokines and disease severity in dry eye (DE) syndrome. Methods: Tear and serum samples were collected from 30 healthy volunteers, 30 DE patients with non-Sjogren's syndrome DE (NSSDE) and 30 DE patients with primary SSDE. The eight most frequent symptoms of DE were scored. All patients underwent corneal and conjunctival staining, tear film breakup time (TBUT), and Schirmer I test. The serum and tear levels of IL-33 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of IL-33 expression and its correlation with Th cytokines and disease severity were also analyzed. Results: We found that symptom scores and corneal staining grade were significantly higher in SSDE group compared with NSSDE and control group, whereas the results of TBUT and Schirmer I test were significantly lower in SSDE group compared with NSSDE and control group. The tear levels of IL-33 were significantly increased in tears of SSDE patients compared with those of controls and NSSDE patients (P < 0.05). Moreover, the elevated tear levels of IL-33 were positively correlated with symptom scores but negatively correlated with tear film breakup time and Schirmer I test in both NSSDE and SSDE patients (P < 0.05). The tear levels of IL-33 of both NSSDE and SSDE patients were also positively correlated with tear levels of IL-4 and IL-5 (P < 0.05). Correlation between the serum levels of IL-33 with Th1/17/Treg cytokines was not found. Conclusion: Elevated tear levels of IL-33 were associated with the Th2 cytokines and disease severity of DE. Therefore, IL-33 may have important roles in the immunopathogenesis of the DE.