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Aim To elucidate the effect of corilagin (Cor) on cholesterol metabolism in macrophages and the underlying mechanism. Methods Molecular docking was applied to predict the protein target of Cor on cellular cholesterol metabolism. The RAW264.7 macrophage foam model induced by 80 mg • L
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As the incidence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing worldwide,that of related complications,such as diabetic kidney disease(DKD),also increases,conferring a heavy economic burden on the patients,families,society,and government.Diabetes mellitus complicated with chronic kidney disease(CKD)includes DKD and the CKD caused by other reasons.Because of the insufficient knowledge about CKD,the assessment of diabetes mellitus complicated with CKD remains to be improved.The therapies for diabetes mellitus complicated with CKD focus on reducing the risk factors.In clinical practice,DKD may not be the CKD caused by diabetes.According to clinical criteria,some non-diabetic kidney disease may be misdiagnosed as DKD and not be treated accurately.This review summarizes the status quo and research progress in the assessment,diagnosis,and treatment of diabetes mellitus complicated with CKD and predicts the directions of future research in this field.
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Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Risk Factors , Diabetes Mellitus/therapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 585 nm Q-switched laser in the treatment of acne inflammatory lesions and postinflammatory erythema.@*METHODS@#A total of 25 patients with moderate facial acne, symmetrical distribution of inflammatory lesions and postinflammatory erythema on both sides of the face, were enrolled. Among the 25 patients, 22 patients completed all the treatment and evaluation, and 3 patients were lost to follow-up. 585 nm Q-switched laser was used on a randomly selected side of the face for three times of treatment at a 2 week interval. The evaluations were made before each treatment, 2 and 4 weeks after the last treatment, therefore the evaluation time points were before the treatment, weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8, respectively, for a total of 5 times. Acne severity was assessed using the investigator' s global assessment (IGA) score, and erythema severity was assessed using the investigator' s subjective erythema score and narrow-spectrum reflectance spectrophotometer at each follow-up.@*RESULTS@#After 3 times of treatment, there was statistically significant difference between the IGA score in week 8 and before treatment on both sides(Z=2.64, P < 0.01; Z=2.67, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in IGA score between the treatment side and the control side before treatment and in week 8 (P=0.59, P=0.26). There was statistically significant difference between the investiga-tor' s subjective erythema score in week 8 and before treatment on the treatment side(Z=4.24, P < 0.01), while no significant difference was showed on the control side(Z=1.73, P=0.08). In week 8, the investigator's subjective erythema score of the treatment side was lower than that of the control side (Z=3.61, P < 0.01). The erythema index of the treatment side was significantly decreased at 5 time points (P < 0.01), and the index decreased significantly in week 8 compared with the index before treatment (P < 0.01), while the erythema index of the control side was not significantly different at 5 time points. The treatment related adverse events included erythema and edema after treatment and pain during treatment, the severity was mild to moderate, which resolved spontaneously within 1 to 3 days. Nine patients were very satisfied with the treatment, 7 patients were satisfied, and 6 patients considered average.@*CONCLUSION@#585 nm Q-switched laser has some effect in the treatment of postinflammatory erythema, and it ensures good tolerance and safety. There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment side and the control side on the improvement of acne inflammatory lesions.
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Humans , Acne Vulgaris/therapy , Erythema/etiology , Face , Immunoglobulin A , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
@#Night-wear aspheric orthokeratology lens(refers to OK lens)is used to correct vision while sleeping at night, which is one of the few ways to prevent myopic children from wearing glasses during the day, so often recommended as the first choice in clinical practice for the myopic population of 8-16 years old. The main effect of OK lens is producing reasonable compression on the surface of the eye to reduce the curvature of the cornea. At present, as a recognized non-surgical method for the treatment of juvenile myopia, the lens material and the optometry level of OK lens have been continuously innovated and upgraded. Meanwhile,because OK lens directly cover the ocular surface, so long-term wearing definitely affects the ocular surface microenvironment, including meibomian glands, tear film, conjunctiva, cornea, ocular surface microorganisms and so on, and even causes the imbalance of these ocular surface microenvironments, thereby leading to the occurrence and development of ocular surface diseases. In order to expect clinicians to give comprehensive consideration when wearing OK lens for teenagers and increase the safety and effectiveness of wearing OK lens, this article analyzed the effects of wearing OK lens on ocular surface meibomian gland morphology, tear film morphology and function, conjunctival microcirculation, corneal cell morphology, ocular surface microorganisms and other factors.
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[Abstract] Objective To explore the association between rs16927589, rs77418916, rs8108402 of the family microRNA(miR)-181 polymorphisms and ischemic stroke(IS),and compare the expression of miR-181 genes between control group and IS group, further explore the association between polymorphisms and the expression levels of genes, to provide assistance for the prevention and treatment of IS. Methods SNaPshot technique and DNA sequencing were used to examine the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) genotypes of 349 patients of IS and 372 controls, serum lipid level was detected by biochemical analyzer 7600; The expression level of miR-181 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of control group and IS group were detected by ABI7500 Real-time PCR. Results The genotype and allele of rs8108402 were compared between the control group and IS group, and it was found that compared with CC genotype, the risk of IS was significantly increased among people with CT genotype, TT genotype was opposite [CC vs CT:odds ratio(OR)= 1. 56,95% confidence interval(CI),1. 11-2. 18,P= 0. 011;CC vs TT: OR= 0. 25, 95% CI,0. 10-0. 62, P= 0. 003]. However, there were no correlation with IS of rs16927589 and rs77418916 polymorphisms. Stratified analysis of rs8108402 showed that the low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) of IS patients with CC genotype was higher than that of IS patients with CT genotype (P0. 05). Further analysis of rs8108402 polymorphism and gene expression level showed no correlation between rs8108402 polymorphism and gene expression level. Conclusion The CT and TT genotypes at rs8108402 of miR-181c increase the risk of IS, while the CTC haplotype increase the risk of IS. The polymorphism of rs8108402 is correlated with the level of LDL-C. There are significant differences in the expression of miR-181 gene clusters between the normal control group and the IS group, and miR-181 clusters may be potential predictive targets and therapeutic targets of IS.
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Objective To investigate the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) manifestations of Rosai-Dorfman disease(RDD) in central nervous system. Method The clinical and MRI data of 5 cases of RDD in central nervous system confirmed by pathology in the PLA General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results The 5 cases included 4 males and 1 female,aged(39.8±21.7) years on average.Among them,4 cases were located in the intracranial area and 1 case in the thoracic spinal canal.The lesion showed isointense signal on T1 weighted image and iso,slight-hypo,and slight-hyperintense signals on T2 weighted image,and it presented intensively homogeneous enhancement in contrast-enhanced MRI.Two cases showed compressed brain area with edema around the left parietal and left frontotemporal dura,thickening and enhancement in the adjacent dura,and dural tail sign.Three cases presented bone destruction in adjacent diploe and thoracic vertebrae.One case showcased slight-hypo perfusion of the left parietal dura in arterial spin labeling. Conclusions RDD lesion usually appears as iso,slight hypo and slight hyper-intense signals on T2 weighted image and presents intensively homogeneous enhancement in contrast-enhanced MRI.The disease may involve the adjacent bone and the lesion shows slight hypo-perfusion on perfusion images.The MRI manifestations of RDD are characteristic,which are helpful for preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of RDD.
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Female , Humans , Male , Central Nervous System/pathology , Head , Histiocytosis, Sinus/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Ranae Oviductus has a good tonic effect and is commonly used for both medicine and food. The use of Ranae Oviductus was confused because the origin of Ranae Oviductus was roughly recorded in ancient herbal literatures. In order to clarify the confusing literatures and trace the origin of Ranae Oviductus，this paper conducted a textual research on the name，origin，distribution，harvesting and processing，efficacy of the Chinese medicine by consulting ancient herbal books，modern literatures and monographs of traditional Chinese medicine. The results of the textual research showed that Ranae Oviductus belongs to Manchu medicine，which was first applied by the Manchu people because of its tonic effect. The original animal of Ranae Oviductus has many names，which are all translated from Manchu language. By analyzing the descriptions of Ranidae in various herbal books，it is concluded that the earliest description of the original animals of Ranae Oviductus appeared in the Shengjing Tongzhi compiled by Agui in the Qing dynasty. After summarization of the taxonomic changes of some species of Rana，the original animals of Ranae Oviductus were preliminarily determined as Rana dybowskii，R. amurensis and R. huanrenensis. We excluded R. huanrenensis by its size and R. amurensis by its poor quality. Therefore，the original animal of Ranae Oviductus is R. dybowskii，the main production area is northeast China and the best capture time is in October. Ranae Oviductus is often eaten after being stewed. The study can provide the effective basis for the identification of the original animal of Ranae Oviductus，the distribution of production area and the utilization of resources.
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Aim To investigate the effects of Kudino- side D on lipid accumulation induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein ( ox-LDL) and inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) in RAW264.7 cells.Methods Foam cells were established by incubating the RAW264.7 cells with ox-LDL.The concentration of lipid droplets in the cells was observed by oil red staining, and the level of total cholesterol (TC) in cells was measured by enzyme method.The gene and protein expressions of scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A1, ATP binding cassette transporters A1 and Gl ( ABCA1 and ABCGI) were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively.The expressions of inter- leukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (3 (IL-ip), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 ) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR.The protein expressions of mTOR and p-mTOR were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with model group, the high dose of Kudinoside D decreased the content of TC and down-regulated the gene and protein expression of SR-A induced by ox-LDL.Meanwhile Kudinoside D also decreased the levels of IL-ip and MCP-1 and down-regulated the protein expression of p-mTOR induced by LPS.Conclusions Kudinoside D may reduce the intracellular TC content by down-regulating the gene and protein expression of SR-A1.Kudinoside D may play an anti-inflammatory role through mTOR pathway.
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Objective:To understand the epidemic status of patients with hypertension and diabetes among residents aged ≥35 years in Shanghai. Methods:The data of "Monitoring of Chronic Diseases and Behavioral Risk Factors in Shanghai in 2013" were used for analysis. Residents aged ≥35 years were selected to analyze the prevalence， awareness， treatment and control in patients with hypertension and diabetes. Results:The prevalence rate of patients with both hypertension and diabetes was 11.25% （95%CI：10.29%-12.29%） among residents aged ≥35 years in Shanghai. The older the age was， the higher the prevalence rated. The rate was the highest in urban area， second in rural area， and the lowest in urban-rural area. Education level of senior high school or above had lower rate than junior high school or below. The non-occupational group had the highest rate and the non-agricultural occupation group had the lowest. The widowed/separated/divorced groups had the highest rate and the married group had the lowest. The rate in obese people was the highest and normal people was the lowest. People with sleep time ≥6 h had a lower rate than those with sleep <6 h. All the above differences were statistically significant （χ2=890.98， 28.91， 61.92， 315.34， 123.72， 441.45， 8.77，all P<0.05）. The awareness rate was 50.09% （95%CI：46.54%-53.64%）， the highest in 60-74 years old group and the lowest in 35-44 years old group. The awareness rate in urban area was higher than that in the urban-rural junction， and the rural area was the lowest. The treatment rate was 45.67% （95%CI：42.45%-48.92%） and the age was proportional to the treatment rate. The treatment rate from high to low in order was city， urban and urban-rural junction， rural areas. The differences in age， region awareness rate and treatment rate were statistically significant （χ2=43.27， 35.19， 37.59， 37.56，all P<0.05）. Control rates was 6.45% （95%CI：5.17%-8.01%）， 60-74 age group had the highest， and the age group from 35 to 44 years old had the lowest， and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=20.35，P<0.05）. The treatment control rate was 14.11% （95%CI：11.54%-17.15%）. Conclusion:The prevalence rate of patients with co-existing hypertension and diabetes in Shanghai residents is high， the awareness rate and treatment rate are general， and the control rate is low. It is urgent to improve the comprehensive prevention and treatment level of patients with hypertension and diabetes.
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Objective To study the distribution characteristics of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of miR-107 gene rs2296616 C/T in Guangxi healthy population and comparison with that in different ethnic populations, and further to explore the correlation between rs2296616 C/T SNP and blood lipid level. Methods The polymorphisms of miR-107 gene rs2296616 C/T among 372 Chinese healthy individuals of Guangxi were detected by multiplex SNaPshot and DNA sequencing method, and the blood lipid-related indexes were detected by 7600 biochemical analyzer. The distribution of rs2296616 C/T polymorphism among different ethnic groups and the differences of blood lipid levels among different genotypes were compared by statistical method . Results MiR-107 gene rs2296616 C/T SNP contained TT(91. 1%), CT (8. 9%)genotypes and T(95. 6%), C(4. 4%)alleles in Guangxi healthy population. The frequencies of genotype and allele distribution of rs2296616 C/T were not significantly different among genders in Guangxi population(P>0. 05). However, there were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequency of miR-107 gene rs2296616 C/T in Guangxi healthy population compared with those of Europeans, Japanese, Africans, Mexicans and Indians published in HapMap(P 0. 05). When compared the blood lipid level among two genotypes in rs2296616 C/T, we found that the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) with TT genotype was significantly different from that of CT group (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion There are different degrees of variation in the polymorphisms of rs2296616 C / T of miR-107 gene between Guangxi people and other ethnic populations. The polymorphism of rs2296616 C / T locus is related to the level of HDL-C.
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In this study, we accurately collected the embryonic parenchyma cells and endocarp stone cells of Arctii Fructus at five different growth stages by laser microdissection. Quantitative analyse of caffeic acid, arctiin and arctigenin in these cells were performed using ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS). The results showed that a large amount of arctiin was produced and accumulated in embryonic parenchyma cells from the late flowering stage to mature stage, while much lower content of arctiin was produced and accumulated in endocarp stone cells at these stages. It suggested that the biosynthetic pathways of arctiin were different in embryonic parenchyma cells from endocarp stone cells of Arctii Fructus. Arctigenin was found to be produced and accumulated in both embryonic parenchyma cells and in endocarp stone cells from the late flowering stage to mature stage, but it reached a peak in endocarp stone cells at late flowering stage, then decreased slowly. The concentration of arctigenin was far less than that of arctiin regardless of embryonic parenchyma cells or endocarp stone cells. These results have validated the new method for analysis of dynamic accumulation of arctiin in Arctii Fructus by UFLC-MS/MS with frozen sections and microdissection.
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OBJECTIVE@#Renal fibrosis is the most common manifestation of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Noting that existing treatments of renal fibrosis only slow disease progression but do not cure it, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapies. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a newly discovered endogenous small gas signaling molecule exerting a wide range of biologic actions in our body. This review illustrates recent experimental findings on the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of H2S against renal fibrosis and highlights its potential in future clinical application.@*DATA SOURCES@#Literature was collected from PubMed until February 2019, using the search terms including "Hydrogen sulfide," "Chronic kidney disease," "Renal interstitial fibrosis," "Kidney disease," "Inflammation factor," "Oxidative stress," "Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition," "H2S donor," "Hypertensive kidney dysfunction," "Myofibroblasts," "Vascular remodeling," "transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/Smads signaling," and "Sulfate potassium channels."@*STUDY SELECTION@#Literature was mainly derived from English articles or articles that could be obtained with English abstracts. Article type was not limited. References were also identified from the bibliographies of identified articles and the authors' files.@*RESULTS@#The experimental data confirmed that H2S is widely involved in various renal pathologies by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress, inhibiting the activation of fibrosis-related cells and their cytokine expression, ameliorating vascular remodeling and high blood pressure, stimulating tubular cell regeneration, as well as reducing apoptosis, autophagy, and hypertrophy. Therefore, H2S represents an alternative or additional therapeutic approach for renal fibrosis.@*CONCLUSIONS@#We postulate that H2S may delay the occurrence and progress of renal fibrosis, thus protecting renal function. Further experiments are required to explore the precise role of H2S in renal fibrosis and its application in clinical treatment.
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OBJECTIVE@#This study aims to explore the influence of three-wall osseous defects on periodontal ligament stress under normal occlusal forces.@*METHODS@#A finite element model for mandibular total dentition, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone was created based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) DICOM images. Mesial or distal proximal three-wall osseous defects at varying depths (namely, 1/3, 2/3 and 3/3 of the root) were simulated by modifying the elastic modulus of elements within the defects area. Occlusal forces with an angle of 45° to the long axis of the tooth were applied to the finite element model. In addition, the equivalent stresses of the periodontal ligament were analysed.@*RESULTS@#In the case of no bone defect, the mean value of the periodontal ligament equivalent stress of 14 teeth was 5.71 MPa. The equivalent stresses of the periodontal ligament at different depths (namely, 1/3, 2/3 and 3/3 of the root) were 6.61, 7.14 and 7.42 MPa, respectively. With increasing depth of the osseous defects, stress on the periodontal ligament increased considerably, and the initial stress increment was greater than that of a later stage. Periodontal ligament stresses with mesial proximal three-wall osseous defects (at depths of 1/3, 2/3 and 3/3 of the root) were 6.62, 7.19 and 7.51 MPa respectively. Periodontal ligament stresses with distal proximal three-wall osseous defects (at depths of 1/3, 2/3 and 3/3 of the root) were 6.60, 7.10 and 7.33 MPa, respectively. For three-wall osseous defects located in the mesial surface and distal surface, a significant difference in periodontal ligament stress was lacking. In the case of the same absorption depth, the size relationship of periodontal ligament stress was in the following order: premolars>molars>incisors>canines.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Shallow three-wall osseous defects will likely cause a notable loss in strength of the periodontal ligament. Therefore, teeth with three-wall osseous defects should become the focus of clinical research. Treatment for these teeth should be administered as early as possible.
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Alveolar Process , Dental Stress Analysis , Finite Element Analysis , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Incisor , Periodontal Ligament , Stress, MechanicalABSTRACT
Danshen, the dried root or rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., is a traditional and folk medicine in Asian countries, especially in China and Japan. In this review, we summarized the recent researches of Danshen in traditional uses and preparations, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and side effects. A total of 201 compounds from Danshen have been reported, including lipophilic diterpenoids, water-soluble phenolic acids, and other constituents, which have showed various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-atherogenesis, and anti-diabetes. This article intends to provide novel insight information for further development of Danshen, which could be of great value to its improvement of utilization.
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Diterpenes , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Hydroxybenzoates , Chemistry , Molecular Structure , Oils, Volatile , Chemistry , Phytochemicals , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Quality Control , Salvia miltiorrhiza , ChemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of grain-moxibustion combined with medicine therapy for asthenospermia and oligospermia.@*METHODS@#A tatal of 60 patients were randomized into an observation group (30 cases) and a control group (30 cases) according to 1︰1 ratio. In the control group, vitamin E capsules were taken orally one capsule each time, twice a day, and pills 6 g each time, three times a day for a total of 3 months. In the observation group, grain-moxibustion was applied at Guanyuan (CV 4)，Shenshu (BL 23) and Zusanli (ST 36) based on the control group, once a week for 3 months, with a total of 12 times. The sperm concentration and sperm progressive motility were measured by automatic sperm quality analysis system in the two groups, and the clinical effects were compared. Sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in the observation group was measured by sperm nucleus chromosome structure assay (SCSA).@*RESULTS@#①The sperm concentrations and sperm progressive motilities after 1-month, 2-month and 3-month of treatment were increased compared with those before treatment in the two groups (<0.01), and they were increased with time. In the two groups, 2-month and 1-month of treatment, 3-month and 2-month of treatment were compared, the sperm concentrations and sperm progressive motilities were significantly increased (<0.01). The sperm concentrations after 1-month, 2-month and 3-month of treatment in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (<0.01), the sperm progressive motility after 3-month of treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (<0.05). ②After 3-month of treatment，the DFI in the observation group was significantly reduced compared with that before treatment (<0.01). ③The total effective rate in the observation group after 3-month of treatment was 86.7% (26/30), which was superior to 63.3% (19/30) in the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Grain-moxibustion combined with medicine therapy can improve sperm concentration and sperm progressive motility, enhance the integrity of sperm DNA.
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Humans , Male , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Moxibustion , Oligospermia , Therapeutics , Sperm Count , Sperm Motility , SpermatozoaABSTRACT
Two new species of the lichen genus Placolecis are discovered in China, namely P. kunmingensis An. C. Yin & Li S. Wang and P. sublaevis An. C. Yin & Li S. Wang. The new combination P. loekoesiana (S.Y. Kondr., Farkas, J.J. Woo & Hur) An. C. Yin is proposed. Placolecis kunmingensis is characterized by having simple, spherical or ellipsoid, hyaline spores, and pear-shaped pycnidia; while P. sublaevis can be distinguished by its thallus forming larger aggregations with slightly flattened lobes at the thallus margin, and urn-shaped pycnidia. Descriptions, a phylogenetic tree and a key are provided for all the known Placolecis species in China.
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Traditional Chinese medicine Baitouweng have a long history of application. The pharmacopoeia included dry roots of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel of Ranunculaceae. There are easily confused species in the market circulation, such as P. cernua (Thunb.) Bercht. et Opiz., P. dahurica (Fisch.) Spreng., P. turczaninovii Kryl. et Serg., and P. chinensis (Bge.) Regel var. kissii (Mandl) S. H. Li et Y. H. Huang, etc. In this study, using the method of metagenomics, based on high-throughput sequencing technology, the ITS2 sequence of mixed samples of five species of Baitouweng medicinal materials was sequenced. First, the total DNA extraction of medicinal materials mixing powder, and the ITS2 fragment of total DNA was amplified by PCR. Second, the Illumina MiSeq platform was used to carry out Paired-end sequencing for DNA fragments. Last, using FLASH, QⅡME and GraPhlAn software to arrange and analyze, and clustering analysis with the sequences of uploaded to GenBank by our group in the early stage. The results showed that a total of 53 024 sequences of ITS2 were obtained from the mixed samples, there are 52 295 effective sequences, there are a total of 49 079 of five species of medicinal materials of P. Miller. After the representative sequences and the sequence of uploaded to GenBank by our group in the early stage were clustering analysis, 5 species of Baitouweng medicinal materials were clustered into one branch separately, presenting monophyletic. The results showed that using the high-throughput sequencing technology, using ITS2 sequence as DNA barcode, the mix powder of 5 species of Baitouweng medicinal materials could be effectively identified. It provides a new method and thought for the origin identification of mixed Chinese medicinal materials.
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An analytical method was developed for determination of low-level uranium isotopes in vegetation samples. Dry ashing method was employed to decompose organic matters of vegetation. The sample ash was further digested using multiple acids. Uranium in the prepared sample solution was separated and purified by an extraction chromatography using UTEVA resin. The chemical recovery of uranium in the separation procedure was more than 94% , and more than 99% of Na, K, Ca and other matrix elements and interfering elements were removed. Three natural uranium isotopes were finally measured with high sensitivity ICP-MS/MS. The detection limits of the method for 238U, 235U, 234U were 3. 05, 0. 34 and 0. 04 pg/g, respectively. The detection limits for 238U and 235U were 10 times better than the reported values. Analysis result of U in GBW-10046 standard reference material was in good agreement with reference value, indicating that this method was reliable. The method was successfully applied to determination of uranium isotopes in the vegetation samples collected in Xi′an region, and it was found that the uranium concentrations and isotopic ratios in these vegetation samples fall well into natural level, and there was no significant artificial uranium contamination. This was the first survey of the three natural uranium isotopes in vegetation samples in this region.
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The present study aims to investigate the lignans from the flower buds of Magnolia biondii. The isolation and purification of the compounds were performed by column chromatographies on Diaion HP-20, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20, combined with semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical properties. Eighteen compounds were isolated and identified as magnolin (1), epimagnolin (2), eudesmin (3), kobusin (4), aschantin (5), lirioresinol B dimethyl ether (6), pinoresinol monomethy ether (7), (+)-de-O-methylmagnolin (8), isoeucommin A (9), syringaresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), phillygenin (11), lariciresinol-4'-O-β-1-D-glucoside (12), conicaoside (13), (7'S, 8'R)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferylalcohol (14), 7R*, 8S*-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (15), 7S, 8R-erythro-7, 9, 9'-trihydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (16), 7S, 8R-erythro-4, 9, 9'-trihydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (17), and (+)-isolariciresinol (18). Compounds 7-18 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the preventive treatment effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on cognitive changes and brain damage in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 5-month-old male SAMP8 and age-matched homologous normal aging mice (SAMR1) were adopted in this study. EA stimulation at Baihui (GV 20) and Yintang (EX-HN 3) was performed every other day for 12 weeks, 4 weeks as a course. Morris water maze test and Nissl-stained with cresyl violet were used for cognitive impairments evaluation and brain morphometric analysis. Amyloid-β (A β) expression in hippocampus and parietal cortex was detected by immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis was observed by TUNEL staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 3 courses of EA preventive treatment, the escape latencies of 8-month-old SAMP8 mice in EA group were significantly shortened than those of un-pretreated SAMP8 mice. Compared with SAMR1 mice, extensive neuronal changes were visualized in the CA1 area of hippocampus in SAMP8 mice, while these pathological changes and attenuate cell loss in hippocampal CA1 area of SAMP8 mice markedly reduced after EA preventive treatment. Furthermore, A β expression in hippocampus and parietal cortex of SAMP8 mice decreased significantly after EA treatment, and neuronal apoptosis decreased as well.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA preventive treatment at GV 20 and EX-HN 3 might improve cognitive deficits and neuropathological changes in SAMP8 mice, which might be, at least in part, due to the effects of reducing brain neuronal damage, decreasing neuronal apoptosis and inhibiting A β-containing aggregates.</p>