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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of extracts of Rehmanniae against atherosclerosis by “IL-34”-Rho/Rock pathway in ApoE-/-mice. METHODS: ①Animal experiment 40 ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into CTL group, Model group, Reh-L group (5 μg·g-1) and Ren-H group (10 μg·g-1), which were induced by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) for AS models. The serum levels of interleukin-34 (IL-34), LDL, mouse monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), mouse macrophage inflammatory protein 2(MIP-2) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were detected by ELISA. AS index (AI) was calculated according to the serum lipids levels. ②Macrophage experiment RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured in vitro and divided into con group, ox-LDL group, IL-34 group and Reh group. IL-34-indeced foam cells formation by oil red O staining. The cholesterol ester levels and cholesterol efflux of RAW264.7 macrophages were detected. The immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, Western blot analysis were used to detect RhoA and Rock1 expression. RESULTS: ①Animal experiment the serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, ET-1, IL-34, MCP-1, MIP-2 and AI, atherosclerotic lesion areas of the thoracic aorta of mice in Reh-H group were lower than Model group and Reh-L group, but with higher HDL-C level (P<0.05). Compared with the CTL group, the RhoA and Rock1 levels of aorta tissues in Model group were significantly increased by qRT-PCR and Western blot (P<0.05). But the RhoA and Rock1 levels of aorta tissues in Reh-H group were lower than Model group or Reh-L group (P<0.05). ②Macrophage experiment the cholesterol ester level and cholesterol efflux, RhoA and Rock1 expressions of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by ox-LDL and IL-34 were more than con group and ox-LDL group (P<0.05). Compared with IL-34 group, the cholesterol ester level and cholesterol efflux, RhoA and Rock1 expressions of RAW264.7 macrophages in Reh group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The extracts of Rehmanniae can protectagainst atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- AS mice models induced by LDL through inhibiting “IL-34”-Rho/Rock pathway.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Previous clinical and basic research of axial lumbar interbody fusion (AxiaLIF) all focused on the L5/S1. However, there is no data on the feasibility of this approach for the fusion of both L4/5 and L5/S1. This study aimed to explore whether transsacral axial interbody fusion is a candidate for the fusion of both L4/5 and L5/S1.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The subjects (n = 40) underwent lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The median sagittal MRI images were analyzed and five measurement markers were defined as follows: the center of the L4/5 disc (A), the center of the L5/S1 disc (B), the anterior margin of the S1/2 space (C), the sacrococcygeal junction (D), and the coccygeal tip (E). The measurement markers were connected each other to produce nine lines (AB, AC, AD, AE, BC, BD, BE, CD and CE) as the reference lines for surgical approaches. The distance between each reference line and the anterior and posterior margins of the L4, L5 and S1 vertebral bodies were measured to determine the safety of the respective approaches.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty subjects were capable of finding one reference line to fuse both L4/5 and L5/S1 via transsacral axial interbody fusion approach. The surgical approach reference line was AE or CE line. In the other 20 subjects, it was failed to find a reference line which met the safety criteria for fusing both L4/5 and L5/S1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>About half of subjects were capable of finding a suitable AxiaLIF reference line to fuse both L4/5 and L5/S1. In some subjects, it was difficult to find a suitable AxiaLIF reference line to fuse both L4/5 and L5/S1.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Methods , Spinal Fusion , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Trans-sacral axial L5/S1 interbody fusion (AxiaLIF), a novel surgical procedure, recently adopted in clinical practice, has excellent clinical outcomes. However, there is inadequate data on the feasibility of the approach in all adult patients and the optimal surgical approach is currently unclear; therefore, further studies are required. In order to enhance the surgical approach for AxiaLIF, prospective anatomical imaging optimization is necessary. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to achieve an optimal procedural setting.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The subjects (n=40) underwent lumbosacral MRI examination. The median sagittal MRI images were analyzed and four measurement markers were defined as follows: the center of the L5/S1 disc (A), the anterior margin of the S1/2 disc space (B), the sacrococcygeal junction (C), and the coccygeal tip (D). The measurement markers were connected to each other to produce five lines (AB, AC, AD, BC, and BD), as reference lines for surgical approaches. The distance between each reference line and the anterior and posterior margins of the L5 and S1 vertebral bodies was measured to determine the safety of the respective approaches.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In all patients, Lines AB and AC satisfied the imaging safety criteria. Line AB would result in a significant deviation from the median and was determined to be unsuitable for AxiaLIF. Line AD satisfied the imaging safety criteria in 39 patients. However, the anal proximity of the puncture point proved to be limiting. For lines BC and BD, the imaging safety criteria were satisfied in 70% and 45% of patients, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The AxiaLIF procedure is a safe technique for insertion of fusion implants in all subjects. Line AC is a favorable reference line for surgical approach and safe for all subjects, while line BC is not suitable for all subjects.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Fractures, Bone , General Surgery , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Methods , Sacrum , General Surgery , Spinal Fusion , Methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
In order to comprehensively understand current situation about studies on channels and to open train of thought for the study, the relative literatures are analyzed and summarized from morphology, biophysics, biochemistry and so on. Probe into existing models of channel lines from nerves, blood vessels and nerves, gap junction, connective tissue; summarize biophysical characte-ristics of channels from temperature, loose connective tissue, biopressure effect, coherence electromagnetic field, etc.; and summarize biochemical characteristics of channels from ion concentration, exhalant of CO2, extracellular matrix and enzymology on the channel lines. Although the studies have not revealed essence of channel lines, these results reflect survey of studies on tissue structures and biological characteristics of channel lines at present.