Exercise preconditioning attenuates the lipid metabolic disorder induced by chronic high fat diet feeding in mice / 生理学报

Mounting evidence has shown that exercise exerts extensive beneficial effects, including preventing and protecting against chronic diseases, through improving metabolism and other mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that exercise preconditioning affords significant cardioprotective effects. However, whether exercise preconditioning improves high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and lipid metabolic disorder remains unknown. The study was aimed to explore the effects of exercise preconditioning on HFD-induced obesity and lipid metabolic disorder in mice. 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice were subjected to swimming or sedentary control for 3 months, and then were fed with normal diet (ND) or HFD for 4 more months. The results showed that the blood glucose was decreased, and the glucose tolerance and grip strength were increased in exercised mice after training. Exercise preconditioning failed to improve HFD-induced body weight gain, but improved HFD-induced glucose intolerance. Exercise preconditioning showed no significant effects on both exercise capacity and physical activity in ND- and HFD-fed mice. HFD feeding increased total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in circulation, promoted subcutaneous fat and epididymal fat accumulation in mice. Exercise preconditioning increased circulating high density lipoprotein (HDL) and decreased circulating LDL, without affecting the subcutaneous fat and epididymal fat in HFD-fed mice. HFD feeding increased liver weight and hepatic total cholesterol contents, and dysregulated the expressions of several mitochondria function-related proteins in mice. These abnormalities were partially reversed by exercise preconditioning. Together, these results suggest that exercise preconditioning can partially reverse the HFD-induced lipid metabolic disorder and hepatic dysfunction, and these beneficial effects of exercise sustain for a period of time, even after exercise is discontinued.

Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association for management guidelines of vacuum sealing drainage application in abdominal surgeries-Update and systematic review / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) is frequently used in abdominal surgeries. However, relevant guidelines are rare. Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association organized a committee composed of 28 experts across China in July 2017, aiming to provide an evidence-based recommendation for the application of VSD in abdominal surgeries. Eleven questions regarding the use of VSD in abdominal surgeries were addressed: (1) which type of materials should be respectively chosen for the intraperitoneal cavity, retroperitoneal cavity and superficial incisions? (2) Can VSD be preventively used for a high-risk abdominal incision with primary suture? (3) Can VSD be used in severely contaminated/infected abdominal surgical sites? (4) Can VSD be used for temporary abdominal cavity closure under some special conditions such as severe abdominal trauma, infection, liver transplantation and intra-abdominal volume increment in abdominal compartment syndrome? (5) Can VSD be used in abdominal organ inflammation, injury, or postoperative drainage? (6) Can VSD be used in the treatment of intestinal fistula and pancreatic fistula? (7) Can VSD be used in the treatment of intra-abdominal and extra-peritoneal abscess? (8) Can VSD be used in the treatment of abdominal wall wounds, wound cavity, and defects? (9) Does VSD increase the risk of bleeding? (10) Does VSD increase the risk of intestinal wall injury? (11) Does VSD increase the risk of peritoneal adhesion? Focusing on these questions, evidence-based recommendations were given accordingly. VSD was strongly recommended regarding the questions 2-4. Weak recommendations were made regarding questions 1 and 5-11. Proper use of VSD in abdominal surgeries can lower the risk of infection in abdominal incisions with primary suture, treat severely contaminated/infected surgical sites and facilitate temporary abdominal cavity closure.

Patent pattern analysis of Scutellariae Radix / 中草药

Scutellariae Radix is one of the most popular Chinese mateira medica (CMM) with a long history, commonly used for heat-clearing and damp-drying. In this paper, based on the characteristics of CMM, the retrieval strategy was formulated. Then, the global patent data of Scutellariae Radix were retrieved from Innography. A total of 23 426 patents related to Scutellariae Radix have been retrieved worldwide. A set of statistical and bibliometric methods has been used to analyze the technical competition situation from the aspects of development trend, global patent layout, research and development hotspots, core patents and other aspects. The analysis results showed that the patent technology life cycle of Scutellariae Radix is in a rapid growth period. The R&D focuses on prescriptions, health products, and tea drinks of Scutellariae Radix. Four countries, including China, Japan, USA, and South Korea, are the main sources of technology, as well as the most important patent layout. Scutellariae Radix industry has a unique regional development advantage, especially in East of China, Beijing, Tianjin, and Sichuan. From the perspective of development trend, there is a broad space for the development of Scutellariae Radix industry.

Preliminary application of 3D printing technique in resection and reconstruction of mandibular ameloblastoma / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To investigate the primary application of 3D printing technique in vascularized fibula resection and grafting for mandible ameloblastoma. Methods The data of 3 cases of unilateral mandibular ameloblastoma were retrospectively collected.The thin slice CT scan of mandible was performed before operation.The scanned original data were imported into mimics 17.0 software for 3D reconstruction.Mirror image of the healthy side mandible was generated by the mirror image tool of the software.Preoperative planning,designing transplantation of vascularized fibula bone,pre-bending and pre-shaping titanium plate,surgical simulation were done by the mirror model.Results All operations were performed successfully,and were in agreement with the preoperative planning.The facial appearance and mandible function were both satisfactory.Conclusion 3D printing technology assisting mandibular ameloblastoma resection and bone graft reconstruction is able to optimize preoperative planning,provide individualized treatment and achieve postoperative satisfaction.

Clinical features and prognostic factors in patients with leptomeningeal metastases / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of leptomeningeal metastases (LM) from solid tumors and to develop better treatment strategies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical characteristics and follow-up results of 77 cases of leptomeningeal metastases (LM) from solid tumors diagnosed and treated in our hospital from 2002 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics, treatment methods and overall survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median survival time for all the patients was 88 days. KPS score, control of the primary tumor and systemic treatment were correlated with survival time for the patients (P < 0.05 for all). The median survival time of systemic treatment was 150 d and those without systemic treatment (chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy) after LM was 60 d (P = 0.001). Systemic therapy combined with local treatment (radiotherapy to the meninges or intrathecal chemotherapy) further improved the survival time of patients. Multivariate analysis showed that KPS and short-term therapeutic response for the LM were independent prognostic factors (P < 0.05 for both).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>KPS and short-term therapeutic response are independent prognostic factores for leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors. Systemic chemotherapy or targeted therapy can prolong the survival time. Systemic treatment (chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy) combined with radiation therapy or intrathecal injection may further improve the clinical outcomes.</p>

Neural stem cells transplantation promote the expressions of brain derived neurotrophic factor after the spinal cord injury of rats / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation on the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) after the spinal cord injury (SCI) of rats, and to investigate the mechanism of repairing the SCI by NSCs transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Neural stem cells were cultured from the hippocampus of rats' embryo and identified by immunocytochemistry. Seven days after the operation of SCI, the NSCs were transplanted into the injured site. Sixty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: SCI cured with NSCs transplantation (group A), SCI received DMEM solution (group B), control group (group C). Then the expression of BDNF of the lesion and neighbor areas were examined by reverse transcsription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, so as to investigated the mechanism of repairing the SCI after NSCS transplantation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According the RT-PCR results analysis, the expression of BDNF mRNA of group A enhanced higher than that of group B on the 1st, 3rd, 5th day after transplantation of NSCs. According the immunohistochemistry results analysis, the expression of BDNF mRNA of group A enhanced higher than that of group B on the 7th, 14th, 28th day similarly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The transplantation of NSCs can change the tiny-entironment by upregulating the expression of BDNF. It maybe one of the mechanism of repairing the SCI by NSCs transplantation.</p>

Effects of cryopreserved neural stem cells transplantation on rat axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of cryopreserved (-70 degrees C) neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation on the axon regeneration after the spinal cord injury (SCI) of rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Neural stem cells were cultured from the hippocampus of the rat's embryo and identified by immunocytochemistry of nestin, then NSCs in logarithmic phage were cryopreserved (-70 degrees C) for 2 weeks. Seven days after the operation of SCI, the NSCs in were transplanted into the injured site immediately. Thirty six adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: spinal cord injury treated with transplantation of NSCs to the injured site (Group A), spinal cord injury received DMEM solution (Group B), control group (Group C). Then NSCs labeled with Brdu were detected by immunohistochemisty, and the reconstruction of spinal cord were detected by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NSCs can be detected in the spinal cord after transplantation. The number of HRP positive cells of Group A was higher than that of Group B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The transplantation of cryopreserved NSCs can survived in the injured site and promote the reconstruction. It may be a progress in the repairing of the SCI by cells transplantation.</p>