ABSTRACT
This study is to observe preventive effect of (Z)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) docos-13-enamide on hyperlipidemia and fatty liver of golden hamsters. Hyperlipidemic golden hamsters fed with high-fat diet was administered orally with (Z)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) docos-13-enamide (10, 20 and 40 mg x kg(-1)) for 5 weeks. Levels of serum and hepatic lipid content, liver histology, hepatic MDA and SOD levels, serum ALT and AST levels were evaluated in golden hamsters. (Z)-N-(2-Hydroxyethyl) docos-13-enamide has a hypolipidemic effect, and could reduce hepatic lipid content, serum ALT and AST levels, hepatic MDA level, increase hepatic SOD activity. (Z)-N-(2-Hydroxyethyl) docos-13-enamide plays an important role in reducing serum lipid, restraining hepatic fatty deposition and protecting liver to get rid of peroxidation injury of hyperlipidemic golden hamsters. The exact lipid-lowering mechanism of (Z)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) docos-13-enamide needs further investigation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cricetinae , Male , Alanine Transaminase , Blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases , Blood , Cholesterol , Blood , Metabolism , Cholesterol, HDL , Blood , Cholesterol, LDL , Blood , Erucic Acids , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Fatty Liver , Blood , Metabolism , Pathology , Hyperlipidemias , Blood , Metabolism , Pathology , Hypolipidemic Agents , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Liver , Metabolism , Pathology , Malondialdehyde , Metabolism , Mesocricetus , Random Allocation , Superoxide Dismutase , Metabolism , Triglycerides , Blood , MetabolismABSTRACT
This paper is to report the development of a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of s-oleylpropanolamide (OPA) in various tissues of rat (brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen, small intestine, kidney, adipose tissue and muscle), and to assess the applicability of the assay to tissue distribution. OPA was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction method with undecylenoylethanolamide as an internal standard. The concentrations of OPA were determined by LC-MS/MS after a single intragastric dose of 50 mg x kg(-1) at 4 time points (5 rats per group). With multiple reactions monitoring mode (MRM) the limit of quantification (LLOQ) was determined at 1 microg x L(-1). The calibration curve was linear from 1 to 2 x 104 microg x L(-1) (r > or = 0.999 0) for tissue homogenates. Validation parameters such as accuracy, precision and recovery were found to be within the acceptance criteria of the assay validation guidelines. The highest concentration was found in small intestine (the highest time point is 15 min) and heart (the highest time point is 90 min). The assay is rapid, sensitive and applicable to studying tissue distribution of OPA in rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Calibration , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Intestine, Small , Metabolism , Liquid-Liquid Extraction , Myocardium , Metabolism , Oleic Acids , Pharmacokinetics , Quality Control , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its symptoms in Haidian district of Beijing, identify its associated risk factors and analyze the relations between GERD and history of other diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>2615 residents of 18-80 years old were selected to participate in the study by multi-stage sampling from Haidian district from June and September in 2008. Questionnaires were distributed to obtain the information on demographic characteristics, diseases history and the reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of GERD in the population was 8.4% (220/2615), and the prevalence of heartburn, reflux, both heartburn and reflux were 1.0% (25/2615), 6.2% (163/2615) and 1.2% (32/2615), respectively. Multi-factor analysis showed rural area (OR = 2.237, 95%CI: 1.422 - 3.517), female (OR = 1.456, 95%CI: 1.085 - 1.955), high education (OR = 1.242, 95%CI: 1.001 - 1.542), pressure (OR = 1.277, 95%CI: 1.089 - 1.497), bad emotional status (OR = 1.320, 95%CI: 1.046 - 1.665), and family history of gastrointestinal disorders (OR = 1.594, 95%CI: 1.075 - 2.365) were significantly associated with GERD. Rural area (OR = 2.481, 95%CI: 1.278 - 4.818), female (OR = 1.747, 95%CI: 0.902 - 3.386), drinking (OR = 1.838, 95%CI: 0.916 - 3.690), no exercise (OR = 2.091; 95%CI: 1.131 - 3.867) and bad emotional status (OR = 1.657, 95%CI: 1.123 - 2.446) were significant risk factors for heartburn. Rural area (OR = 2.171, 95%CI: 1.326 - 3.556), female (OR = 1.505, 95%CI: 1.102 - 2.056), high education (OR = 1.347, 95%CI: 1.063 - 1.706), pressure (OR = 1.317, 95%CI: 1.113 - 1.558), bad emotional status (OR = 1.266, 95%CI: 0.992 - 1.616), and family history of gastrointestinal disorders (OR = 1.739, 95%CI: 1.163 - 2.600) were significantly associated with reflux symptom. History of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, anxiety, depression, peptic ulcer, gastritis, and renal diseases were found to be significantly related to GERD and its symptoms.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This area has epidemic of GERD, which was related to mental problems and unhealthy life style, and should be paid more attention by conducting effective community-based interventions.</p>