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Objective: To observe the intervention effect of auricular point sticking on dry eye in myopia patients after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery.Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled study conducted among the myopia patients who received SMILE surgery at Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University. The post-SMILE operation patients who screened by the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomized into a control group and a treatment group. Patients in the control group were given 0.1％ fluorometholone and 0.5％ carboxymethylcellulose sodium eye drops, while the treatment group was given additional unilateral auricular point sticking for 1 month. The patients were estimated using ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1), tear film break-up time (TF-BUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score, corneal sensitivity (CS) and visual quality (VQ) at 1 d, 1 week and 1 month after surgery; the changes in anxiety and depression were also observed in the patients. Results: Compared with the first day after operation, CS in the nasal region was improved in the treatment group, and the VQ score increased in the control group patients at 1 week after operation (both P<0.05); at 1 month after operation, the TF-BUT increased, CFS score decreased, CS in the central and nasal regions increased (all P<0.05), and VQ score increased (P<0.01) in the treatment group, and the CS in the central, upper, lower and nasal regions were improved (all P<0.05), and VQ score increased (P<0.01) in the control group. The between-group comparison showed that the differences in the change of TF-BUT were statistically significant at 1 week and 1 month after surgery, respectively (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Auricular point sticking therapy can increase the TF-BUT and accelerate the repair of ocular surface function in post-SMILE patients.
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Objective: To summarize the clinical application patterns in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD by reviewing the clinical literatures on acupuncture-moxibustion for Alzheimer disease (AD) published between January 2009 and December 2019. Methods: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), Chinese Medicine Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Database, PubMed Medical Data Retrieval Service System, Springer Database and Ovid Technologies (OVID) were retrieved to screen clinical studies of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria to conduct quantitative, clustering and association analyses. Results: In acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD, the frequently used points were Baihui (GV 20), Zusanli (ST 36), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Taixi (KI 3), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), and Neiguan (PC 6) in the descending order. Regarding meridians, the most frequently used one was the Governor Vessel, followed by the Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming and Gallbladder Meridian of Foot Shaoyang. From the perspective of body regions, the points in the head-face region and the lower-limb region had the highest frequencies, followed by the upper-limb, back and chest-abdomen regions. The point group, Baihui (GV 20) and Sishencong (EX-HN 1)-Neiguan (PC 6)-Sanyinjiao (SP 6), showed the most significant association, and the group winning the second place was Baihui (GV 20) and Sishencong (EX-HN 1)-Neiguan (PC 6)- Zusanli (ST 36). The clustering analysis showed that the commonly used point pairs included Zusanli (ST 36)-Sishencong (EX-HN 1) and Taixi (KI 3)-Sanyinjiao (SP 6), which were closely associated with Baihui (GV 20). By analyzing the three commonly used acupuncture-moxibustion methods, acupuncture plus medication was found achieving the best result in the total effective rate and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score, followed by monotherapy of electroacupuncture therapy, and these two methods were superior to acupuncture alone (P<0.05); the scores of MMSE, Alzheimer disease assessment scale-cognitive section (ADAS-cog) and activity of daily living scale (ADL) showed significant improvements after treatment (all P<0.01). Conclusion: In the acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions for AD, the main points are Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Neiguan (PC 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taixi (KI 3). Monotherapy of acupuncture has the highest frequency amongst the treatment methods, but its effective rate is lower than that of acupuncture plus medication and monotherapy of electroacupuncture.
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Objective: By observing the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the apoptosis of conjunctival cells of rabbits with dry eye syndrome (DES) and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Caspase-3, Fas and Bcl-2, to discuss the mechanism of EA in the treatment of DES from the perspective of cell apoptosis. Methods: Male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a normal group (NG), a model group (MG), an EA group (EAG) and a sham EA group (SEAG). DES rabbit model was developed by eye drop of 0.1％ benzalkonium chloride. The rabbit tear secretion and tear film break-up time (BUT) were measured; terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase- mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect the apoptosis of conjunctival cells; the expressions of Caspase-3, Fas and Bcl-2 proteins in conjunctival cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with the NG, the rabbit tear secretion decreased and the BUT was shortened in the MG (both P<0.01); compared with the MG and the SEAG, the rabbit tear secretion increased and the BUT was prolonged in the EAG (all P<0.05). Compared with the NG, the apoptosis of rabbit conjunctival cells increased (P<0.01), the expressions of Caspase-3 and Fas proteins increased (both P<0.05), and the expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased (P<0.01) in the MG; compared with the MG and the SEAG, the apoptosis of rabbit conjunctival cells decreased (both P<0.01), the expressions of Caspase-3 and Fas proteins decreased (all P<0.05), and the expression of Bcl-2 protein increased (both P<0.01) in the EAG. Conclusion: EA can inhibit the apoptosis of rabbit conjunctival cells, down-regulate the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Caspase-3 and Fas, and up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 protein, which may be one of the mechanisms of EA in treatment of DES.
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@#Dry eye syndrome is one of the most common ophthalmology diseases. With the improvement of non-invasive tear extraction methods, tear protein analysis becomes a best choice for the diagnosis and evaluation of efficacy of dry eye. Methods that have been used for tear proteomics research include protein chip technology and mass spectrometry. The relationship between the protein in the tear fluid and its concentration and different pathological conditions has important value in the research of dry eye syndromes. This article reviews the latest developments in the field, the application of tear proteomics research and current practical issues,it will provide highlights for the understanding of molecular mechanism of dry eye syndromes and benefits for potential molecular diagnosis of dry eye syndromes in the future.
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Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Zhen'ai needling method in Nei Jing (Classic of Internal Medicine) for children with allergic rhinitis (AR) accompanied by adenoid hypertrophy (AH). Methods: A total of 74 children who met the screening criteria were divided into a Zhen'ai group and a control group by the random number table method, with 37 cases in each group. The control group was treated with acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (LI 4), Yingxiang (LI 20), Juliao (ST 3), Yintang (GV 29), Shangxing (GV 23) and Baihui (GV 20). The Zhen'ai group added points of Zhen'ai needling method {Shanglianquan [Extra, located at 1 cun above Lianquan (CV 23)], Tianrong (SI 17) and Lieque (LU 7)} in addition to the points in the control group. The needles were retained for 30 min. The treatment was performed twice a week. The total nasal symptom score (TNSS), sino-nasal outcome test-20 (SNOT-20) and symptom scale for AH (SSAH) were assessed before and after 10 treatments. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared after treatment. Results: During the treatment, 5 cases dropped out in the control group and 2 cases in the Zhen'ai group. After treatment, the total effective rate of the Zhen'ai group was 94.3％, versus 93.8％ in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The markedly effective rate of the Zhen'ai group was 42.9％, versus 12.5％ in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, there were significant intra-group differences in the scores of TNSS, SNOT-20 and SSAH in both groups (all P<0.05); the scores of SNOT-20 and SSAH in the Zhen'ai group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Both conventional acupuncture and conventional acupuncture plus Zhen'ai needling method can improve clinical symptoms of children with AR accompanied by AH; and conventional acupuncture plus Zhen'ai needling method has a better effect than conventional acupuncture in improving AH symptoms.
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Objective To explore the action mechanism of moxibustion in treating Crohn's disease (CD) by observing the effect of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion on the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1) and IL-1β. Method Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats of clean conventional grade were randomized into a normal control group (NG), a model control group (MG), a herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion control group (MoxG), and a sham moxibustion control group (SMG). The CD rat models were developed by using the mixture of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and alcohol via enema. When the models were successfully developed, the MoxG received moxibustion intervention at bilateral Tianshu (ST25) and Qihai (CV6), and the SMG were administered by unlighted moxa cones. At the end of treatment, the length of each rats' colon and the colon macroscopic damage index (CMDI) score were recorded, the histopathological variations of rats' colons were observed by adopting HE staining and light microscope, and the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in rats' colons were determined by using immunohistochemical technique. Result Compared to the NG, the MG had its rats' colons present with severe damages, fissured ulcers and inflammatory cell infiltration with edema, and granulomas in submucosa of some colons, and its expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and IL-1β increased significantly (P<0.05);compared to the MG, the MoxG had rats' colons present with improved structures and reduced intestinal inflammation, and its expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and IL-1β dropped significantly (P<0.05); the SMG had its rats' colon inflammation present similarly to the MG, and its expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and IL-1β had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Herbal Cake-partitioned moxibustion can down-regulate the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β in CD rats' colons to promote the repair of colon damage.
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α-Hederagenin (H), derived from Hedera nepalensis var.sinensis, is a pentacyclic oleane-type triterpenoid that exhibits clear cytotoxicity to different tumor cell lines.In this study,a series of novel C-28 derivatives of hederagenin (H) were designed and synthesized in attempt to develop potent tumor resistance reverse activities agents. Previous research showed that H6 displayed robust reverse activity for paclitaxel resistance in KBV cells. Importantly, Co-treatment of paclitaxel with H6 significantly reduced the tumor weight to 42%. Pleasingly, H6 enhanced the efficacy of paclitaxel against KBV cancer cell-derived xenograft tumors in nude mice.Mechanism studies had found that H6 activated permeability glycoprotein(P-gp)ATPase,reduced intracellular ATP levels and inhibited efflux of P-gp substrates,thus enhancing the antitumor activity of paclitaxel on KBV cells.Molecular docking analysis of homology P-gp and H6 then conducted using the Surflex-Dock module.H6 showed a high binding affinity docking score with a total score of 5.4148,much higher than that of H(0.1414).The nov-el C-28 derivatives of H was synthesized from H6 via three-step reaction. The reversal activity of all synthesized H derivatives were tested using the MTT assay.The results showed that the derivatives of nitrogen groups at C-28 displayed same even potent activity than parent compound H6.In addition,its underlying mechanism of action and in vivo activity are in explore.
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Objective To review year 1954-2016 literature on acupuncture treatment of ophthalmologic and otorhinolaryngologic diseases and objectively reflect modern acupuncture-treated ophthalmologic and otorhino- laryngologic disease spectrum by literature metrology and evaluation to give full play to the advantage of acupuncture medicine.Method A statistical analysis was made by a method of metrological analysis according to the data from "China acupuncture-moxibustion information databank".Results and Conclusion The number of documents on acupuncture treatment of ophthalmologic and otorhinolaryngologic diseases increased gradually. The proportion of clinical research literature to the annual total literature also increased gradually. Acupuncture-treated ophthalmologic and otorhinolaryngologic disease spectrum had 85 kinds of diseases. From multi-angle data analysis, the ophthalmologic and otorhinolaryngologic diseases against which acupuncture is effective were allergic rhinitis, deafness, myopia and tinnitus. Acupuncture is worthy to be popularized and applied to clinical treatment of ophthalmologic and otorhinolaryngologic diseases. Acupuncture-treated ophthalmologic and otorhinolaryngologic disease spectrum is still in a primary stage and needs further study and evaluation.
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Objective:To observe the effect of moxibustion on the protein and mRNA expressions of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1) in hypothalamus of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis rats,and to explore the central mechanisms of moxibustion in improving visceral pain and the pain-related emotions in experimental colitis rats.Methods:Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group (NG),a model group (MG),a herb-partitioned moxibustion group (HPMG) and a sham herb-partitioned moxibustion group (SHPMG).Except the NG,rats in the remaining three groups all received TNBS enema to establish experimental colitis models.The HPMG received herb-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) at bilateral Tianshu (ST 25) and Qihai (CV 6) for intervention;for the SHPMG,the herbal cakes and moxa cones were only placed on the acupoints but not ignited;rats in the MG and NG were only fixed in the same way as those in the HPMG but did not receive any treatment.At the end of the intervention,the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score,the open field test (OFT) score and the elevated plus maze (EPM) score were observed to measure the changes in visceral pain and pain-related emotions of the rats.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the expressions of CRF and CRFR1 proteins in hypothalamus;the fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the expressions of CRF and CRFR1 mRNAs in hypothalamus.Results:Compared with the NG,the AWR score increased significantly and the OFT and EPM scores dropped significantly in the MG (all P＜0.05),and the expressions of hypothalamic CRF and CRFR1 proteins and mRNAs increased significantly (all P＜0.01).Compared with the MG and SHPMG,the AWR score dropped significantly and the OFT and EPM scores increased significantly in the HPMG (all P＜0.01),and the expressions of hypothalamic CRF and CRFR1 proteins and mRNAs decreased significantly (all P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between the MG and the SHPMG (all P＞0.05).Conclusion:HPM can down-regulate the abnormally increased expressions of CRF and CRFR1 proteins and mRNAs in hypothalamus of the TNBS-induced experimental colitis rats,which is plausibly one of its action mechanisms in mitigating visceral pain and the pain-related emotions in the experimental colitis rats.