ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and asymptomatic AF in sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and atrioventricular block (AVB) patients after dual-chamber pacemaker implantation.Methods Five hundred and fifteen SSS and AVB patients who underwent dual-chamber pacemaker implantation were divided into SSS group (n =221),AF group (n =106),non-AF group (n=115)and into AVB group (n=294),AF group (n=103),non-AF group (n=191).The clinical data,incidence of AF and asymptomatic AF,their influence factors in different groups were compared.Results The incidence of AF was 40.6％ in the 515 patients.The percentage of ventricular pacing (VP％) was significantly higher and the left ventricular end diastolic diameter was significantly longer in AVB group than in SSS group (P＜0.01).The age was significantly older,the incidence of CHD and the percentage of atrial pacing (AP％) were significantly higher,the left atrial diameter was significantly longer in AF group than in non-AF group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The age was significantly older,the incidence of CHD and the VP％ were significantly higher in asymptomatic AF group than in symptomatic AF group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,AP％ and amiodarone amnistration history were the risk factors for AF while age and VP％ were the risk factors for asymptomatic AF (OR=0.957,95％CI:0.925-0.990,P=0.011;OR=0.982,95％CI:0.972-0.992,P=0.000).Conclusion Pacemaker can effectively monitor AF,especially asymptomatic AF.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of methionine and choline on the expression levels of CaMKII and CREB mRNA and proteins in hippocampus of rats exposed to lead.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male SD rats were divided into five groups. (1) control group, (2) group exposed to lead+2 by drinking water with 0.40 g/L lead acetate, (3) group exposed to methionine and choline (1:1, 400 mg/kg), (4) group exposed to 0.40 g/L lead acetate plus methionine and choline (1:1, 100 mg/kg), (5) group exposed to 0.40 g/L lead acetate plus methionine and choline (1:1, 400 mg/kg). In 8 weeks after exposure, all rats were killed. Then CREB mRNA and CaMK II mRNA expression levels in hippocampus were detected by real-time PCR, CREB and CaMK II protein expression levels in hippocampus were measured by western blot assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression levels (0.743 ± 0.185 and 0.729 ± 0.199) of CaMKII mRNA and CREB mRNA in the hippocampus of lead group were significantly lower than those (0.950 ± 0.238 and 0.901 ± 0.232) of control group (P < 0.05), also the expression levels (0.271 ± 0.045 and 0.212 ± 0.058) of CREB protein and pCREB protein in the hippocampus of lead group were significantly lower than those (0.319 ± 0.058 and 0.506 ± 0.125) of control group (P < 0.05). The expression levels (1.014 ± 0.210 and 1.126 ± 0.379) of CaMKII mRNA and the expression levels (1.029 ± 0.335 and 0.932 ± 0.251) of CREB mRNA in the hippocampus of 2 groups exposed to lead acetate plus methionine and choline were significantly higher than those of lead group (P < 0.05). The expression levels (0.407 ± 0.951 and 0.563 ± 0.178) of CREB protein and pCREB protein in the hippocampus of group exposed to lead acetate plus 400 mg/kg methionine and choline were significantly higher than those of lead group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Methionine and choline could decrease the inhibition effects of lead on the expression of CaMKII and CREB mRNA or CREB and pCREB proteins in the hippocampus of rats.</p>