ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between urinary iodine level and thyroid disease.Methods The study used a case-control design.One hundred and nine patients with thyroid disease from the Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Institute for Endemic Disease Control were selected as case group from 2011 to 2012,and these patients were divided into three groups:Graves's disease (GD) group (n =48),chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (HT) group(n =34) and thyroid nodules group(n =27).Sixty-two healthy people from the same region were selected as a control group.Urinary iodine was determined using arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry,thyroid autoantibody (TRAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) was detected using electrochemiluminescence,while iodine absorption rate was measured using thyroid function analyzer,and thyroid volume was measured using type-B ultrasonic method.The relationship between urinary iodine level and patients with thyroid disease was compared with that of control group.Results Urinary iodine levels of patients with GD,HT,thyroid nodules and control groups were 313.95,375.20,220.20 and 196.50 μg/L,respectively.Urinary iodine levels of patients with GD and HT groups were higher than that of control group(Z =3.238,4.275,all P ＜ 0.0125).Urinary iodine level of patients with HT was higher than that of thyroid nodules(Z =3.762,P ＜ 0.0125).Iodine uptakes of GD,HT,thyroid nodules and control groups were (84.20 ± 16.90)％,(23.51 ± 6.72)％,(28.34 ± 8.02)％ and (29.31 ± 8.41)％; TRAbs of patients with GD,HT,thyroid nodules and control groups were (58.57 ± 20.31)％,(2.54± 1.00)％,(2.98 ± 0.83)％ and (3.01 ± 1.21)％; TPOAbs of patients with GD,HT,thyroid nodules and control groups were (117.03 ± 57.21)％,(251.00 ± 98.20)％,(16.81 ± 9.87)％ and (15.00 ± 7.23)％.Iodine uptake,TRAb and TPOAb of GD group were higher than those of control group(P ＜ 0.05).TPOAb of HT group was higher than that of control group(P ＜ 0.05).Urinary iodine levels of GD group and HT group were positively correlated with TPOAb(correlation coefficient were 0.462,0.478 all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Excessive iodine intake is found in patients with GD and HT.Determination of urinary iodine is helpful for individualized iodine supplementation.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the iodine nutritional status of residents in Shanxi province,and to provide a scientific basis for adjustment of control strategies and measures to iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).MethodsIn the 11 cities and 119 counties(cities,districts),except high water iodine townships,9 townships were selected in each county according to their sub-area positions of east,west,south,north and center,4 villages were sampled in each chosen township,and 8 households were selected in each chosen village in every chosen county (cities,districts ) with 9 or more townships.In every chosen county (cities,districts) with 6 to 9 townships,1 township was selected respectively in east,west,south,north and center sub-areas of the township,4 villages were sampled in each chosen township,and 15 households were selected in each chosen village.In the county (cities,districts) with 5 or less townships,all township were selected,4 villages were sampled in each chosen township,and 15 households were selected in each chosen village.Edible salt samples from these households were collected; iodized salt was determined by direct titration.In the 119 counties(cities,districts),1 township was selected,respectively,in east,west,south,north and center sub-areas in each county,and 20 children aged 8 - 10 in each of the selected townships were selected to collect urine samples and urinary iodine was determined by As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry.Evaluation criteria:median urinary iodine ＜ 100 μg/L was iodine deficiency,100 - 199 μg/L as appropriate,200 - 299 μg/L as more than appropriate,and ≥ 300 μg/L as iodine excess.ResultsMedian iodine of the 34 808 household salt samples was 31.55 mg/kg.The coverage rate of qualified iodized salt was 99.18％(34 521/34 808) and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.12％(33 805/ 34 808).In the 11 cities,119 counties(cities,districts),the median of urinary iodine of 11 967 children aged 8 -10 was 244.0 μg/L,of which ＜ 50 μg/L acoounted for 2.6％(312/11 967),50 - 99 μg/L accounted for 6.9％(823/11 967),100- 199 μg/L accounted for 26.3％(3145/11 967),200 - 299 μg/L accounted for 28.7％(3440/11 967),and 300 μg/L or higher accounted for 35.5％(4247/11 967).The medians of urinary iodine in the 9 municipal cities were 200 - 300 μg/L,and other 2 cities were 300 - 400 μg/L At the county level,the medians urinary iodine of children of the 119 counties(cities,districts) were 100 - 199 μg/L that accounted for 15.1％(18/119),200 - 299 μg/L accounted for 63.9％(76/119),and 300 μg/L or higher accounted for 21％(25/119).Conclusions The iodine nutrition level of residents in Shanxi province is more than appropriate.The salt iodine concentration in Shanxi province needs to be reduced,but the space is not wide.