ABSTRACT
@#Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of vaccination in immunocompromised children and to provide a reference for vaccination strategy in these children.Methods Wenjuanxing questionnaire investigation was carried out in the parents of immunocompromised children who visited the Department of Hematology,Shanghai Children's Medical Center and the Department of Liver Transplant,Renji Hospital from December 2018 to January 2020,of which the content included the basic information of immunocompromised children as well as vaccination status and intention.Results The ages of the immunocompromised children were(6.29±4.09) years.A total of 296(48.9%) children were vaccinated after illness,while 309(51.1%) were unvaccinated.The mainly influencing factors of vaccination in immunocompromised children included low family income(χ~2=20.381,P <0.001),type of disease(solid tumor)(χ~2=29.486,P <0.001),low willingness to vaccination after treatment(χ~2=21.462,P <0.001),reduced going out of children(χ~2=9.035,P=0.003),stable condition of children and low enthusiasm of the parents to vaccination(χ~2=26.394,P <0.001).Conclusion Vaccination coverage is relatively low in immunocompromised children,of which the mainly influencing factors included low family income as well as low willingness and low enthusiasm to vaccination after treatment.Publicity and education on vaccination-related knowledge should be strengthened to improve the vaccination awareness of the parents.
ABSTRACT
Macrophages play pivotal roles in host defense and immune homeostasis, which have two major functional polarization states, the classically activated M1 and the alternatively activated M2. Interleukin (IL)-17A is an immune modulator able to shape macrophage phenotypes. Wnt/β-catenin is a developmental signaling pathway that plays crucial roles in morphogenesis and tissue homeostasis, which has also been recently demonstrated playing roles in immune regulation. A growing amount of evidence suggests that both Wnt and IL-17A signaling are involved in macrophage polarization. However, their interaction in macrophage polarization remains elusive. The aim of present study was to explore impacts of Wnt/β-catenin on IL-17A-mediated macrophage M1/M2 polarization in murine monocyte/macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7. Results revealed that IL-17A activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and induced macrophage M1 polarization, but inhibited M2 polarization. In contrast, the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling led to the inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization but the promotion of M2 polarization. Importantly, the activation of Wnt/β-catenin also showed abilities to inhibit the IL-17A-induced M1 macrophage polarization while diminishing the IL-17A-inhibited M2 polarization. Molecular analysis further uncovered that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway was involved in the interaction of Wnt/β-catenin and IL-17A in the modulation of macrophage polarization. These results suggested that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling modulated IL-17A-altered macrophage polarization in part by regulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. This study thus revealed a novel function of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in regulating IL-17A-altered macrophage polarization.