Research progress of reversion multi-drug resistance in tumor by berberine / 中国药理学通报

Tumor is a kind of disease with high morbidity, high mortality and poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is the main treatment of tumor, but the problem of chemotherapy resistance is becoming increasingly prominent, so finding ways to overcome chemotherapy resistance and improve the therapeutic effect has become an urgent problem to be solved. At present, with the development of research, the anti-tumor effect of some traditional Chinese medicine has attracted extensive attention. Berberine, traditionally used in the treatment of digestive system diseases, has been proved to have the effect of anti-tumor and reversing tumor multi-drug resistance. This review summarizes the recent researches on the reversion multi-drug resistance in tumor by berberine, in order to explore the means to improve the therapeutic effect and prognosis of tumor drug resistance.

Multicenter study on the effect of early screening skills training for autism spectrum disorders in primary care hospitals in Chengdu / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo investigate effect of conducting training of autism spectrum disorder （ASD） early screening skill on improving the ability to early identify ASD of medical staffs in primary care hospitals. MethodsIn September 2021， the training of ASD early screening skills was carried out for medical staffs from 20 primary care hospitals in Chengdu. After training， the training effect was evaluated. The numbers of referrals from primary care hospitals to superior hospitals， confirmed ASD as well as their average diagnostic age of children with ASD before and after training were used as evaluation indicators. ResultsAfter training， the number of children with suspected ASD referred by primary care hospitals was more than that before training ［（16.65±11.60） vs. （3.40±2.23）， t=5.431， P<0.01］， the number of children diagnosed with ASD was more than that before training［（6.85±4.93） vs. （2.45±1.67）， t=4.171， P<0.01］， and the differences were statistically significant. As for the diagnosed age of ASD children， after training， the average age was lower than that before training ［（34.95±11.67） vs. （42.2±14.64）， t=-2.553， P=0.019］. ConclusionTraining of ASD early screening skills for medical staffs in primary care hospitals may help to improve their ability to early screening ASD children.

Effects of PI3K/Akt-eNOS signaling pathway on total flavones in Clematis filamentosa post-conditioning alleviated of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to study the effect of total flavones of Clematis filamentosa Dunn(TFCD) post-conditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and the role of PI3K/Akt-eNOS signaling pathway. Forty male SD rats were divided randomly into five groups: Sham group, model group (I/R), TFCD post-conditioning group (TFCD), TFCD post-condition-ing+LY294002 (a PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor) group (TFCD+LY), and LY294002 group (LY). At the end of reperfusion, hemodynamic parameters were recorded, morphology changes of myocardial tissue were evaluated by using HE staining, and myocardial infarct size were observed, blood samples were obtained to determine plasma activation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) nitric oxide (NO), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The expressions of Akt, p-Akt, eNOS and p-eNOS proteins were assessed by using Western blot, and eNOS and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. The results showed that, compared with the model group, TFCD post-conditioning remarkably improved hemodynamics function and myocardial structure, reduced myocardial infarct size and enhanced the contents of NO, eNOS, SOD and GSH-Px, and decreased the contents of LDH, CK and MDA, increased the levels of phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS protein expression, eNOS and iNOS mRNA expression significantly(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). These effects were inhibited by LY294002, a blocker of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The above experiments indicated that TFCD post-conditioning could significantly reduce MIRI in rats, the mechanism of which may be associated with increasing antioxidation, scavenging oxygen free radicals, regulating NO generation and activating PI3K/Akt-eNOS signaling pathway.

Feasibility study on low-dose technique for coronary artery angiography in overweight patients / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the feasibility of low-tube-voltage and low-concentration contrast agent applied to coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the overweight patients. Methods Totally 83 overweight patients with suspected coronary heart disease who underwent coronary artery angiography were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A used 100 kVp and ioversol-320 mg/ml, and Group B received 120 kVp and iopamidol-370 mg/ml. Both the groups went through prospectively ECG-gated scanning. The two groups were compared on the image quality, radiation dose, iodine intake and coronary artery segments scores. Results The effective radiation dose and iodine intake in Group A were significantly lower than those in Group B (P<0.05). Group A had the coronary artery CT value and image noise lower significantly than Group B (P<0.05). No significant differences in signal to noise ratio, contrast to noise ratio and coronary artery segments scores were observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion For coronary artery CTA in the overweight patients, low-tube-voltage and low-concentration contrast agent still preserves the image quality, as well as significantly reduces the radiation dose and iodine intake.

Neuroprotective effects of blonanserin on H2O2-induced injury in PC12 cells / 天津医药

Objective To explore neuroprotective effects of blonanserin on H2O2-induced injury in PC12 cells. Meth?ods PC12 cells were divided into four groups:control group (C group), H2O2-treated group (H group), blonanserin pretreat?ed group (B group) and positive control group (vitamin E- pretreated, E group). The effects of different concentrations of blonanserin (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 μmol·L-1) on cell proliferation in PC 12 cells were observed. MTT assay was used to detect the cell activity of different groups. The apoptotic rates of different groups were measured by TUNEL assay. The mor?phological changes were observed using inverted microscope and Hoechst 33258 staining. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) vi?ability and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detecded by biochemical methods in four groups. Results The appropriate concentration of blonanserin (0-20 μmol·L-1) can promote the growth of PC12 cells. Comparing with the C group, the apoptot?ic rate and MDA level were increased in group H, while the cell viability and the SOD viability were decreased obviously ( P<0.05). Compared with H group, the cell viability, SOD viability were significantly increased, while the MDA level and apoptotic rate were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Blonanserin shows neuroprotective effect on H2O2-induced injury in PC12 cells.

Study on the Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic Model of Nisoldipine Controlled-release Patches in Spon-taneously Hypertensive Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic(PK-PD) model of Nisoldipine controlled-release patches(NCRP)in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR). METHODS:SHR were randomized into a patch(NCRP)group and a tablet(Nisoldipine tablets)group,with 6 rats in each group. The microdialysis probes were implanted in SHR. Each rat was given 5 mg nisoldipine. Plasma microdialysate was collected within 36 h after administration. HPLC was adopted to determine the plasma concentration of nisoldipine,and WinNonlin 5.3 was employed to calculate Pharmacokinetic parameters. With heart rate and blood pressure as pharmacodynamic indexes,PK-PD model study was conducted. RESULTS:Vs. nisoldipine tablets,NCRP has con-trolled release effect. The relationship between NCRP drug effect and effect-site concentration met the Sigmoid-Emax model. The main parameters of the PK-PD model for heart rate and systolic blood pressure were as follows as Emax of (2.65 ± 0.06) and (10.71 ± 0.87),EC50 of (83.65 ± 35.25) and (1.29 ± 0.26) ng/ml,γ of (0.83 ± 0.91) and (1.2 ± 0.35),Keo of (0.37 ± 0.53) and (0.91±0.24)h-1. CONCLUSIONS:PK-PD model of NCRP in SHR has been established successfully.

The standardized practice of laparoscopic-assisted radical right hemicolectomy in order to achieve complete mesocolic excision / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of laparoscopic-assisted radical right hemicolectomy with the outcome being a complete mesocolic excision (CME).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between February 2010 and June 2011, we performed the standardized surgery of laparoscopic-assisted radical right hemicolectomy with an aim of CME on 14 patients. There were 10 males and 4 females, with an average age of 57 years (range 36 to 74 years). All the pathologic results in 14 cases were primary colonic adenocarcinoma. The TNM stages were distributed as follows: 2 in II A, 3 in II B, 3 in III A, 5 in III B and 1 in III C.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Surgery was successfully performed for all patients without open conversion. The average operation time was (178 ± 37) minutes (range 127 to 221 minutes), average intraoperative blood loss was (67 ± 23) ml (range 30 to 110 ml), while the average number of lymph node harvest was 21 ± 7 (range 14 to 31), and the postoperative hospital stay was (10.0 ± 2.2) days (range 7 to 15 days). Minor complications occured in 2 patients. Major complications and post-operative mortality were not observed. All the patients were followed up for 3 to 19 months, no tumor recurrence or metastasis was identified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The standardized surgery of laparoscopic-assisted radical right hemicolectomy with the final outcome of CME is safe and feasible.</p>

Nosocomial spread of hospital-adapted CC17 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a tertiary-care hospital of Beijing, China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) appeared to be increasing in China, but very few nosocomial outbreaks have been reported. Our hospital had experienced an outbreak of VRE since March 2008 to March 2009. The objective of this study was to analyze the molecular features of the isolates and the control measures used to eradicate a VRE outbreak in a tertiary institution in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We characterized VRE isolates from 21 infected and 11 colonized inpatients from a single hospital by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), the analysis of Tn1546-like elements and virulence genes detection. Infection control measures, including more environmental disinfection, screening for VRE colonization, contact precautions, education and strict antibiotic restriction, were implemented to control the outbreak.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the outbreak, a total of 32 VRE strains were obtained. There were 21 strains found in Emergency Intensive Care Unit (EICU), 9 isolates from Geriatric Ward, and two from other units. All the isolates harbored the vanA gene, however, four of them exhibited the VanB phenotype. Meanwhile, MLST analysis revealed that all isolates belonged to clonal complex (CC) 17. With the infection-control measures, the epidemic was constrained in two units (EICU and Geriatric Ward). After March 2009, no further case infected with VRE was detected in the following one-year period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The outbreak was controlled by continuous implementation of the infection control programme, and more rigorous infection control policy is needed.</p>

A phase II trial of docetaxel plus nedaplatin and 5-fluorouracil in treating advanced esophageal carcinoma / 癌症

<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>Accumulating data indicate that docetaxel plus cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil has certain effect on advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. This study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel plus nedaplatin and 5-fluorouracil (DNF regimen) in treating advanced esophageal carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-three patients with pathologically confirmed advanced esophageal carcinoma treated by DNF regimen: intravenous infusion of docetaxel (75 mg/m(2)) over 1 h, intravenous infusion of nedaplatin (100 mg/m(2)) over 3 h, intravenous infusion of leucovorin (CF, 200 mg/m(2)) over 2 h, intravenous injection of 5-fluorouracil (375 mg/m(2)) over 10 min, followed by a 46-hour infusion of 5-fluorouracil (2.6 g/m(2)). The cycle was repeated every three weeks. Treatment efficacy was evaluated every two weeks according to the WHO standards. All patients received at least two cycles of chemotherapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Patients received a total of 144 cycles of treatment, and all were evaluable for efficacy and toxicity. Of the 43 patients, 2 (4.65%) achieved complete response (CR), 25 (58.14%) achieved partial response (PR), 9 (20.93%) had stable disease (SD), and 7 (16.28%) had progressive disease (PD). The overall response rate was 62.8%. The median time-to-progression (TTP) was 201 days and the median survival time (MST) was 310 days. Grade III/IV adverse events mainly included neutropenia (20.93%), febrile neutropenia (4.65%), thrombocytopenia (6.98%) and vomiting (9.30%). One patient died of grade IV thrombocytopenia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DNF regimen is effective for and well tolerated by patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma.</p>