ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the dietary patterns and related factors among urban middle school students in Guangzhou, and to provide the scientific reference for conducting nutritional education and intervention among the middle school students.@*Methods@#Questionnaire survey was conducted for students in two grades (grade 1 of 27 junior and senior high schools) and their parents along with the physical examination for urban primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou. Dietary patterns were established by exploratory factor analysis. Multinomial Logistic regression model was used for analyzing influencing factors of dietary pattern.@*Results@#Three major dietary patterns were identified. Type I (37.09%) was a healthy dietary pattern; type II (33.37%) and III (29.54%) were classified into western dietary patterns. Multinomial Logistic regression models showed that living on campus (ORⅡ=1.57, 95%CI:1.33-1.85; ORⅢ=1.28, 95%CI:1.07-1.52), screen time≥2 h/d (ORⅡ=2.89, 95%CI:2.51-3.33; ORⅢ=2.14, 95%CI:1.85-2.48) were positively associated with type II and III. The monthly household income per capita≥5 000 yuan (ORⅢ=1.31, 95%CI:1.14-1.51) was positively associated with type III. Senior students (ORⅡ=0.83, 95%CI:0.73-0.95; ORⅢ=0.74, 95%CI:0.64-0.85), the level of parental education (ORⅡ=0.64, 95%CI:0.52-0.79; ORⅡ=0.67, 95%CI:0.54-0.82; ORⅢ=0.72, 95%CI:0.58-0.90; ORⅢ=0.73, 95%CI:0.59-0.89) had a negative association with type II and III.@*Conclusion@#There are three dietary patterns among urban middle school students in Guangzhou. The main influencing factors include parental education, screen time, grade, resident situation, and monthly household income per capita.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the distribution and characteristics of iodine excess areas in Liaocheng City of Shandong Province, and to provide data evidence for taking intervention measures. Methods From 2011 to 2013, 1 - 3 samples of drinking water were collected from all administrative villages in 8 counties (cities and districts) of Liaocheng.At the same time,1 sample of edible salt was collected from the household where water samples were collected. Arsenic and cerium spectrophotometry was used for the detection of water iodine and salt iodine was detected by semi-quantitative method. The region were divide according to the definition of "Water Source Excess Iodine Area and Excess Iodine Disease Area"(GB/T 19380-2016)and"Division of Iodine Deficiency Disorders Area"(GB 16005-2009).Results A total of 7 794 water samples were collected in 5 865 villages of 134 towns and the iodine median was 158.2 μg/L. The median of water iodine of 57 samples was less than 10 μg/L in drinking water and the ratio was 0.7%;2 286 samples were 10- 100 μg/L and the ratio was 29.3%; 5 451 samples were over 100 μg/L and the ratio was 69.9%. The towns with suitable water iodine (10 - 100 μg/L) and high water iodine ( > 100 μg/L) were 24.6%(33/134)and 75.4%(101/134), respectively, and no iodine deficiency town was found. The areas with high water iodine were distributed in patchy or foci. A total of 3 300 salt samples were collected,among them,iodized salt was 1 183(35.58%,1 183/3 300)and non-iodized salt was 2 117(64.15%,2 117/3 300). Among them, there were 36 towns with high iodine content and 20 towns with suitable iodine content, and the iodized salt coverage rates were 10.72% (225/2 099) and 79.77% (958/1 201),respectively.Conclusions The population of Liaocheng City is at risk of iodine excess.The high iodine areas coexists with suitable iodine areas.
ABSTRACT
In order to produce hyaluronate lyase of high yield, we optimized the fermentation Arthrobacter globiformis A152 in quadruple fermentation of 5 L, and studied the kinetics of fermentation. Both the highest biomass and enzyme activity could be achieved when the rotation speed was 400 r/min and the ventilation volume was 3.5 L/min. In addition, digital models of cell growth, product synthesis and substrate consumption were built by equation of logistic, luedeking-piret, product synthesis and substrate consumption. Nonlinear fitting and estimation of optimal parameters were obtained by MATLAB. The model correlated well between prediction and experimental data, and reflected the change rules of cell growth, hyaluronidase synthesis and substrate consumption during the process of producing hyaluronate lyase. The establishment of fermentation kinetics digital models could provide basis for controlling and prediction of the production process.