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ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of endogenous metabolites in serum of ovariectomized rats and the effect of Erxiantang on them based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS）. MethodTwenty-four healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group， model group and Erxiantang group（7.5 g·kg-1）， with 8 rats in each group. Bilateral ovarian tissues were excised in the model and Erxiantang groups， and small pieces of adipose tissues were excised in the abdominal cavity of the sham-operated group bilaterally， and gastric administration was started 2 weeks after surgery， and equal volumes of distilled water were gavaged in the sham-operated and model groups. After 12 weeks of administration， blood was collected from abdominal aorta， and non-targeted metabonomics was performed on rat serum by LC-MS， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） was used to screen differential metabolites. Metabolic pathway analysis was performed based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）， and the levels of key enzymes of metabolic pathways were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. ResultThe results of metabonomics showed that 82 differential metabolites between the model group and the sham-operated group were glycerophospholipids， fatty acyls， steroids and steroid derivatives， of which the most significant difference was glycerophospholipids. At the same time， Erxiantang could call back 65 out of 82 differential metabolites， of which 11 were statistically significant， mainly phosphatidylcholine（PC） and lysophosphatidylcholine（LysoPC） in glycerophospholipids， followed by corticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol in steroids and steroid derivatives. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the pathways of glycerophospholipid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis in model group were changed， and were recovered after the administration of Erxiantang. ELISA results showed that compared with the sham-operated group， serum levels of cholinephosphate cytidylytransferase（CCT）， secretory phospholipase A2（sPLA2） and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase（LPCAT）， which were the key metabolic enzymes of glycerophospholipid metabolite PC and LysoPC， were significantly decreased in the model group（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and choline phosphotransferase 1（CPT1） levels decreased but the difference was not statistically significant， compared with the model group， the levels of CCT， sPLA2 and CPT1 were significantly increased in Erxiantang group（P<0.01）. In addition， compared with the sham-operated group， the levels of cholesterol（TC）， triglyceride（TG） and low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） were significantly increased in the model group（P<0.01）， the high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） level was decreased（P<0.05）， compared with the model group， the levels of TC， TG and LDL-C were significantly decreased and the level of HDL-C was significantly increased in Erxiantang group（P<0.01）. ConclusionEndogenous metabolites and related metabolic pathways in ovariectomized rats were altered， and Erxiantang can reverse some of the different metabolites and related pathways， such as regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism by regulating metabolic enzymes CCT， sPLA2 and CPT1 to increase the levels of PC and LysoPC， and then improve the pathological changes such as lipid metabolism disorder in ovariectomized rats.
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Objective To explore the knowledge and training needs of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among a health checkup population, and to provide evidence for promoting cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge and skills at physical examination centers. Methods Using physical examination numbers, the random number table method was used to randomly select 1 000 people from a health checkup population, information collected including their basic information, cognitive status of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and attitudes and behaviors toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The statistical analysis was performed using χ2test, a one-way ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Questionnaires was acquired from 997 consenting adult subjects. From which, 26% had received CPR training, and they demonstrated a low ratio of cognitive knowledge, scoring only 9.94 ± 6.36 (from a possible score of 30). Additionally, 92.1% had a willingness to learn CPR skills, and the CPR performance score was 23.12±3.27 (the highest score was 28). Unmarried people younger than 25 years old, professional and technical personnel, and military men had higher CPR scores than other groups. The CPR learning efficiency of military men, undergraduates, and people younger than 25 years old was higher than other groups. Older people had a lower willingness to learn cardiopulmonary knowledge and the better the feel-good status, the lower the willingness to learn CPR skills, of which OR values were 0.787 and 0.657, respectively (P<0.05). The rate of people learning CPR skills for relatives was higher than for strangers (P<0.05), and 83.8% were willing to receive medical training. Conclusion The health checkup population had a low cognitive level of CPR knowledge, and the willingness to learn CPR was high. To address this, free CPR training should be conducted at medical examination institutions.
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Objective To explore the curative effects of endoscopic band ligation combined with drug injection in the treatment of hepatic cirrhosis complicated with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Methods 76 patients with hepatic cirrhosis complicated with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were divided into 2 groups by random double blind method, with 38 cases in each group. The control group were treated by conservative regimen alone while the experimental group were treated by endoscopic band ligation combined with drug injection, based on the control group. The clinical curative effects, adverse reactions, hemostasis time, hospitalization time , rebleeding , haemodynamics and other indexes before and after the treatment in the 2 groups were compared. Results The total effective rate, rebleeding rate and the incidence of fever in the experimental group were 2.6% and 10.5%, respectively. Compared with those in the control group (71.1%, 21.1%, 28.9%), the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The differences in volume of blood transfusion, hemostasis time , time of improvement of symptoms and hospitalization time between the experimental group and the control group were significant (P < 0.01). The blood flow of portal vein(550.2 ± 143.4)mL and splenic vein (284.3 ± 96.4)mLin the experimental group was significantly less than that in the control group [(628.1 ± 156.0)mL, (332.6 ± 100.3)mL] (P < 0.05). Condusions Endoscopic band ligation combined with drug injection in the treatment of hepatic cirrhosis complicated with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage is effective and can significantly improve the varicose hemodynamics in patients. The rate of rebleeding is low.
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AIM: To study the electrophysiological effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the pacemaker cells in guinea-pig left ventricular outflow tract under the condition of ischemia/reperfusion ( I/R) .METHODS:The spontaneous slow action potentials of guinea-pig left ventricular outflow tract were recorded by conventional intracellular microelectrode technique.The effects of NO donor sodium nitroprusside ( SNP) on the spontaneous slow action potentials under normal or I/R condition were investigated.RESULTS:SNP at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100μmol/L but not 1000μmol/L signif-icantly increased velocity of diastolic depolarization ( VDD) and rate of pacemaker firing ( RPF) , SNP at concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1 000μmol/L notably increased maximal diastolic potential (MDP), amplitude of action potential (APA) and maximal rate of depolarization ( Vmax ) , shortened 50%and 90%of the duration ( APD50 and APD90 ) .In ischemia 10 min group, VDD and RPF were significantly decreased, APA and Vmax were notably increased, and APD50 and APD90 were markedly lengthened compared with control group.In reperfusion 10 min group, VDD and RPF were significantly in-creased, MDP and APA were notably decreased, and APD50 and APD90 were markedly shortened compared with I 10 min group.In reperfusin 10 min group, the pacemaker activity was always irregular.In reperfusion 10 min group, the parame-ters of spontaneous slow action potentials restored to the levels of control group except for VDD and Vmax .In 1, 10 and 100 μmol/L SNP+R groups, VDD and RPF were significantly increased than in ischemia 10 min group .In 1, 10, 100 and 1 000 μmol/L SNP+R groups, APA, APD50 and APD90 were restored to the levels of control group.CONCLUSION:SNP significantly increases the spontaneous activity of left ventricular outflow tract, and relieves the effects of I/R on the sponta-neous slow action potential markedly.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of Guizhi Tang on the inflammatory cytokines in myocardial ischemia and hyperlipidemia rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The early changes of hyperlipid and atherosclerosis are caused by utilizing multiple factors including feeding hyperlipid and propylthiouracil and high doses of vitamin D3 for 12 weeks. Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided in to 5 groups: control group, model group, simvastatin group, low-dosage Guizhi Tang group, high-dosage Guizhi Tang group. At the end of six weeks treatment, pituitrin(pit) is abdominal cavity injected every 24 hours for a total of three times. Detecting the serum levels of SES, CRP, NO, SOD, MDA and the content of cardiac muscle tissue SOD, MDA, The expression of TNF-alpha in cardiac muscle tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Guizhi Tang significantly decreased levels of SES, CRP and MAD, increased levels of NO and SOD, Guizhi Tang markedly decreased the level of protein expression of TNF-alpha in cardiac muscle tissue.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Guizhi Tang may inhibit the proinflammatory factors and oxidation in myocardial ischemia and hyperlipidemia rats.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , C-Reactive Protein , Metabolism , Cytokines , Metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Hyperlipidemias , Blood , Metabolism , Pathology , Inflammation , Metabolism , Malondialdehyde , Blood , Metabolism , Myocardial Ischemia , Blood , Metabolism , Pathology , Myocardium , Metabolism , Pathology , Nitric Oxide , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Superoxide Dismutase , Blood , Metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , MetabolismABSTRACT
AIM:To study the electrophysiological effects of amiodarone on the pacemaker cells in guinea-pig left ventricular outflow tract under the conditions of hypoxia,acidosis and treatment with epinephrine.METHODS:The action potentials of the pacemaker cells in guinea-pig left ventricular outflow tract were recorded by conventional intracellular microelectrode technique.The effects of amiodarone on the spontaneous slow response potentials were investigated under the conditions of hypoxia,acidosis and treatment with epinephrine.RESULTS:(1) Amiodarone at concentration of 0.1 ?mol/L markedly decreased the rate of pacemaker firing (RPF) and maximal diastolic potential (MDP),lengthened 80% of the duration of action potential (APD80).Amiodarone at concentration of 1 ?mol/L significantly decreased the velocity of diastolic depolarization (VDD) and RPF,the maximal rate of depolarization (Vmax),MDP and amplitude of action potential (APA),lengthened 50% of the duration of action potential (APD50) and APD80.Amiodarone at concentration of 10 ?mol/L led to a significant decrease in VDD and RPF,Vmax,MDP and APA,a notable lengthening in APD50 and APD80 was also observed.(2) Under the condition of hypoxia and perfusion with deprived glucose content for 15 min,VDD,RPF,MDP,Vmax and APA decreased significantly,APD50 was shortened notably.Under the condition of hypoxia,amiodarone at concentration of 1 ?mol/L significantly decreased VDD,RPF and Vmax,increased MDP,lengthened APD50 and APD80 as compared to the cells treated with hypoxia only.(3) Perfusion with pH 6.8 solution for 10 min,VDD and RPF significantly decreased,Vmax and APA notably reduced,APD80 was markedly shortened.Under the condition of acidosis for 10 min,amiodarone significantly decreased VDD,RPF,MDP and APA,lengthened APD50 and APD80 as compared to the cells under the condition of acidosis only.(4) Perfusion of epinephrine at concentration of 10 ?mol/L for 10 min resulted in a significant increase in VDD,RPF,Vmax,MDP and APA,a notable shorting in APD50 and APD80 was also observed.Compared to 10 ?mol/L epinephrine group,1 ?mol/L amiodarone+ 10 ?mol/L epinephrine significantly reduced VDD,RPF,Vmax,MDP and APA,lengthened APD50 and APD80.CONCLUSION:Amiodarone markedly decreases the autorhythmicity of the pacemaker cells in guinea-pig left ventricular outflow tract.This electrophysiological effects were significantly influenced by hypoxia,acidosis and epinephrine.
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AIM: To study the effects of Shenmai injection on cardiomyocytes apoptosis after acute anoxia-reoxygenation (A/R) and the possible mechanism. METHODS: In this experiment, cultured cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal rat were used. Model of myocardial anoxia-reoxygenation injury was produced by depriving oxygen for 5 min and then restoring oxygen for 15 min. The apoptotic cells was detected by flow cytometry to detect labbled Annexin V-FITC/PI. The intracellular calcium level was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy markered Fluo-3/AM. RESULTS: In anoxia-reoxygenation group, the percentage of apoptotic cells and fluorescent intensity of intracellular calcium were both prominently higher than those in control group (P
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AIM: To study the protective effects of Shenmai injection, a Chinese medicine, on angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ)-induced rat cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro and the probable mechanism. METHODS: Cultured cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats were stimulated with AngⅡ. Cell viability were measured by MTT, and apoptosis was evaluated suing Hoethst33258 fluorescent dye staining and flow cytometry. Fluo-3/AM was used to test the change in intracellular free calcium. RESULTS: It was found that incubation with AngⅡ (10 -7 mol/L) for 48 h increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, Shenmai injection (0 5 g/L, 1 0 g/L) inceased myocyte viability ( P