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BACKGROUND:The implantable artificial pacemaker that needs long-term wear is in direct contact with human body tissue, and thus, biocompatibility of the materials is very important. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the material progress and material-related complications of implantable artificial pacemakers. METHODS:Articles related to implantable artificial pacemaker materials and related complications were searched in Wanfang database and PubMed database from 2000 to 2015. The keywords were pacemaker; materials; pacemaker leads; pacemaker electrode; complication in Chinese and English, respectively. Finaly, 27 articles were included and summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The implantable artificial pacemakers are in direct contact with the body tissues through the titanium alloy shell covering the pulser, the electrode wire covering the silicone, polyurethane, epoxy resin, and the electrode materials (including carbon, platinum-iridium alloy, Elgilog alloy). These materials have good physical and chemical properties as well as good cytocompatibility, electrophysiological compatibility and blood compatibility with the human body that have been confirmed in the past decades. However, material-related complications often occur, such as contact dermatitis, wire breakage, dislocation, cardiac perforation, venous thrombosis and tricuspid regurgitation along the wire, capsular infection and hematoma when placing the pulser. With the rapid development of today's microelectronic technology, research on the modification of pacemaker materials and the pacing system has been ongoing and has made considerable progress. Moreover, wireless pacemaker development and clinical application may be the future direction of development.
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Objective To observe the relationship between the skin incision of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction and the sensory disturbance around the surgical incision of the leg.Methods From Oct 2007 to Jun 2008,223 patients underwent arthroscopy ACL reconstruction,among them 50 patients were followed-up and defined as four groups according to different types of skin incision.The area of skin sensory disturbance around the incision were measured and compared.Results Compared with transversal incision group(transversal incision for double bundle ACL reconstruction),vertical incision group(using hamstring or Bone-Patella-Bone autografl for ACL reconstruction) and posteromedial incision group(medial meniscus repair group),the length of incision in small incision group(using allograft for ACL reconstruction)was significant shorter(P<0.001).For the area of sensory disturbance,there were no statistics differences between small incision group and transversal incision group(P=0.800),and no statistics differences between vertical incision group and posteromedial incision group(P=0.316).But both small incision group and transversal incision group showed significantly smaller(P<0.05)area of sensory disturbance than vertical incision group and posteromedial incision group.Conclusion For ACL reconstruction,using small incision(allograft)and transversal incision could decrease the area of sensory disturbance of anterior tibial skin.
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In vivo tumor imaging technique method based on bioluminescence principle was established to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of paclitaxel mixed micelle (PMM). MDA-MB-231 tumor cells with luciferase reporter vectors were firstly implanted into nude mice, and subsequently the luciferase substrate was regularly injected during intraperitoneal administration of PMM. Then the tumor size, growth and the intensity of light signals were monitored with in vivo imaging technique. The method of luciferase tumor in vivo imaging could be real-time, reliable and exact in labeling and reflecting the growth of tumors, and the observed results were consistent with that by conventional method, so it would be a feasible approach to study anti-tumor effect of drugs. The anti-tumor effect of paclitaxel mixed micelle was observed by this method, and the results showed that this formulation could inhibit growth of tumor, and the anti-tumor rate of it was about 85%.