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Background Pneumoconiosis is one of the most common and widespread prescribed occupational diseases in China, and there is no cure for it at present. The Healthy China 2030 underlines that the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis are the critical element of promoting occupational health. Objective To understand the basic characteristics, social security, and death causes of pneumoconiosis cases in Ninghai County, and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Methods Information on pneumoconiosis cases in Ninghai County from 1974 to 2019 was obtained by consulting occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring systems, occupational disease diagnosis institutions, and employers, which may retain original data on occupational pneumoconiosis diagnosis, as well as specialized epidemiological survey projects on pneumoconiosis. Telephone or face-to-face follow-up visits were conducted based on relevant information to complete or verify relevant information such as length of service with dust exposure, type, stage, and diagnosis date of pneumoconiosis. ANOVA, chi-square test, and rank-sum test were used to analyze age of diagnosis and age of death, entitlement to social security and mortality rate of cases/length of service. Results As of the end of 2019, a total of 420 cases of pneumoconiosis were diagnosed among workers exposed to dust in Ninghai County, with 409 cases (97.38%) followed up and 11 cases (2.62%) lost to follow-up. Since the first case of pneumoconiosis was reported in 1974, 39 cases, 278 cases, and 101 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported before 2000, from 2000 to 2009, and from 2010 to 2019, respectively. Two other cases of pneumoconiosis were diagnosed with an unknown year, one as a dead case and one as a lost case. There were 294 surviving pneumoconiosis cases, who mainly lived in Sangzhou Town. The mean age of diagnosis was (58.68±15.37) years old, and the median length of service with exposure to dust was 8.0 (4.0, 15.7) years. The age of diagnosing stage III pneumoconiosis was less than that of stage I and stage II, and the difference between the age of diagnosing stage III and stage II pneumoconiosis was significant (P <0.05). There were 231 cases (78.57%) aged ≥ 60 years, while there were 74 cases aged ≥ 80 years (25.17%). There were 160 cases (54.42%) whose length of service was < 10 years. There were 12.59% and 7.82% of the total cases compensated by work injury insurance and civil compensation by employers, respectively. From the perspective of diagnosis period, the proportion of patients who collected work-related injury insurance and civil compensation from employers in the 2010—2019 year group was higher than that in the <2000 year group or the 2000—2009 year group (P<0.01). There were 115 fatal pneumoconiosis cases, and the fatality rates of stage I, II , and III pneumoconiosis were 23.86%, 18.18%, and 50.75%, respectively. The fatality rate of stage III pneumoconiosis was higher than that of stage I or II (P <0.05). The age of diagnosis and age of death of stage III pneumoconiosis cases were lower than those of stage I and II (P <0.05). The cause of death was definite in 65 patients, including 25 cases (38.46%) of respiratory diseases (except lung cancer) and 28 cases (43.07%) of tumors, and lung cancer accounted for 1/2 of the pneumoconiosis cases that died due to tumors. Conclusion The surviving pneumoconiosis cases in Ninghai are mainly older than 60 years old and largely live in Sangzhou Town. Constructing local rehabilitation stations should be taken as an opportunity to actively prevent and treat pneumoconiosis complications, further improving the quality of life of pneumoconiosis patients.
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To explore the development tendency and major influential factors of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) resource and service by statistics analysis. Data are mainly from the Yearbook of Traditional Korean Medicine (2009-2015). Ministry of Health and Welfare Statistical Yearbook 2016, and the Ministry of health and welfare practicing qualification management system. This article analyzed the related indicators, such as the average annual growth rates and the proportion in the national medical system. From 2006 to 2015, the average annual growth rate of the number of TKM hospital and TKM clinics were 7.0％ and 3.2％ separately; the average annual growth rate of TKM doctor and TKM pharmacists were 4.3％ and 10.0％ separately; the average annual growth rate of the number of beds in TKM institutions were 9.3％; and the average annual growth rate of the number of applications for outpatient and inpatient reimbursement for medical insurance of TKM institutions were 12.3％ and 20.5％ separately. From 2006 to 2015, the resources and services of TKM presented an increasing tendency, and the accessibility of TKM resource and service was enhanced. It is suggested that China should use reference from the aspects of strengthening policy, expanding the sources of capital investment, and expanding the coverage of medical insurance.
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Objective To grasp the current situation and trend of health personnel development in public TCM hospitals through the analysis of health personnel statistics data of public TCM hospitals in China; To provide decision-making references for management departments. Methods Data were from the National Health and Family Planning Commission Statistical Information Center. This article analyzed staff number, the average speed of development, the average annual growth rate, health staff age, academic qualifications and job titles and other indicators of TCM public hospitals during 2010-2015. Results From 2010 to 2015, there was an annual increasing tendency of the number of TCM health personnel, and the average annual growth rate was 5.9％, but the growth of the percentage of the TCM health personnel to the total health personnel was only 0.3％. In 2015, the proportion of TCM health personnel was less than 50％; the doctor-to-nurse ratio was 1:1.18; the educational level of postgraduate and undergraduate were 14.0％ and 48.0％ respectively, less than the average level of national hospitals. Conclusion From 2010 to 2015, there is an increasing tendency of the TCM health personnel of public TCM hospitals, but the proportion of TCM health personnel is low. The doctor-to-nurse ratio is reasonable gradually, but there is still a gap compared with the average level of the national hospitals. The average age of technical health personnel tends to be younger. The proportion of high educational level health personnel is increasing, but the proportion of senior technical position is reduced. The management departments should take appropriate measures to promote the rational allocation of human resources and development of TCM hospitals.
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Base on literature analysis, the paper summarized that the five core principles of the traditional Chinese medicine academic development included that the practice is the source of traditional Chinese medicine development, the culture is the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine development, the inheritance is the basic approach of traditional Chinese medicine development, the classics is the important carrier of traditional Chinese medicine development, and the innovation is the power of traditional Chinese medicine development.
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Base on literature analysis, the paper summarized that the five core principles of the traditional Chinese medicine academic development included that the practice is the source of traditional Chinese medicine development, the culture is the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine development, the inheritance is the basic approach of traditional Chinese medicine development, the classics is the important carrier of traditional Chinese medicine development, and the innovation is the power of traditional Chinese medicine development.
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The historical contributions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was discussed in this paper. Firstly, TCM is the unique medical science created by working people of China. Secondly, TCM contributes greatly to the prosperity of the nation. Thirdly, TCM shows positive influences on promoting the process of world civilization. Finally, TCM is the outstanding representative of traditional Chinese culture. In the way, it guided people to treat TCM in an objective way, to make people follow its own development rule and to promote its inheritance and innovation.
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For the effectiveness in disease treatment and prevention, traditional medicine (TM)has been widely used around the world. Many governments have accepted TM as part of their health system. Meanwhile, the regulation became strict. This paper analyzed the regulation mode of TM and Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM) in foreign countries. The regulation mode mainly included: independent legislation for TM, comprehensive legislation as CAM, and self-discipline regulation by trade association. We also analyzed the existing problems and prospected the developing trends in future.
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Objective To Analyze the development tendency and major influential factors of the resource and service of traditional medicine (TM) by contrasting the statistical data between China and India.Methods The research data came from the governmental statistical date of traditional medicine.The main statistical indicators included:number of TM hospitals,number of beds in TM institutions,number of health personnel of TM,number of visits and inpatients of TM institutions.A contrastive analysis was given based on these data over the period of 2008-2012.Results In 2012,the number of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospital per ten million populations was 25.1,the number of Traditional Indian Medicine (TIM) hospital per ten million populations was 25.9; the number of beds in TCM institutions per ten thousand populations was 4.5,the number of beds in TIM institutions per ten thousand populations was 0.5; the number of TCM physicians and physician assistants per ten thousand populations was 2.6,the number of TIM physicians and physician assistants per ten thousand populations was 5.9.In 2012,the numbers of visits and inpatients of governmental public TCM hospitals were 426.671 million and 16.882 million; the numbers of visits and inpatients of governmental public TIM hospitals were 73.445 million and 0.947 million.Conclusion There was no significant difference in the number of TM hospitals per ten million populations between China and India.China had obviously advantages in the number of beds in TM institutions,number of visits and inpatients of TM institution.India had obviously advantages in the number of TM health personnel.
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Objective This study analyzes the main technical fields and their mutual correlation concerning the international patents of acupuncture to provide decision support for the strategy of developing acupuncture related products.Methods Derwent Innovation Index was applied as the data source,Thomson Data Analyzer was adopted as the main analyzing tool,and the co-occurring clustering spectrum analysis method of international patent number (IPC) was used.Results Based on the retrieval and analyzed results,the main classification of international patent of acupuncture and the technical association diagram of Chinese medicine acupuncture patents were formed.Conclusion The main technical fields of acupuncture international patent included acupuncture needles,acupuncture instruments combined with drug and acupuncture instruments combined with modem physical methods as well as the point health care products.Among them,the methods applied in acupuncture,namely the magnetic therapy method,laser therapy,thermal therapy,roller and ball massage adopted in acupuncture point massage instruments which combine traditional herbal medicine,have already been the research hotspot of current acupuncture patent products.
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In this paper,we analyze the current situation of the national standardization on acupuncture needles and related patents.Through analyzing the international research focus on the acupuncture needle patents,we give some strategic suggestions on the intellectual property protection of acupuncture needles and traditional Chinese medicine.
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This paper reviewed the research progress of Ayurvedic medicine in domestic and abroad.The main contents included:the research progress of ayurvedic ancient records and basic theories,morden pharmacological studies,experimental and clinical studies,etc.
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This paper describes the relationship between standards and intellectual property rights,describes the importance of putting the intellectual property protection into the International standards of Chinese medicine by the examples.According to the Chinese medicine's own characteristics and actual conditions in our country,the author points out some suggestions on how to put the intellectual property protection into the International standards of Chinese medicine.
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Many countries have developed standard strategy under the tendency of the economic globalization.TCM international standardization faces more and more competitions.This article analyzes the competitors and competitive status of TCM international standardization by the research methods of competitive intelligence,competitor analysis and SWOT analysis,and puts forward corresponding strategic measures in details.
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With the rapid development of internet and computer technology, the interact has become the richest information resource of the world, and there comes a large potential and broad prospect for the development of internet medium information monitoring. In this paper, we discuss the information monitoring mode of foreign traditional medicine which released by the internet medium. We will discuss the monitoring mode in five steps: automatic information collection-information classification and storage-"human-computer cooperated" data processing and information analysis-dynamic output of information- information feedback.
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L-asparaginase activity produced by six E. coli J53 strains containing different plasmids and plasmid free E. coli J53 strain was compared. The enzyme activity of the plasmid- bearing strains was about 2—4 times lower than that of the plasmid free ones. Curing the R plasmids from E. coli J53, the activity of L-asparaginase increased and was close to that of the plasmid free strain. It is proved that the remarkable inhibition of L-asparaginase activity results from the presence of the plasmid in E. coli.
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ColV~+ strains of Escherichia coli produced larger inhibitory zones when these strains grown on nutrient agar containing phosphate after overlaid sensitive indicators. This appears that production of colicin V is increased by the addition of phosphate to nutrient agar. It was sure that stimulation of phosphate to colicin V formation results from its effect in reducing divalent cation levels in nutrient agar since adding EDTA to nutrient agar had the same effect as phosphate, but the addition of Mg~(2+) or Ca~(2+) had the oppsite effect. Therefore nutrient agar supplemented with phosphate can be used to isolate and identificate ColV~+ strains of E. coli.