ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of endotracheal tube (ETT) with injecting medicine for continuous airway topical anesthesia in inhibiting responses to an indwelling ETT after operation in the patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery. Methods Sixty patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, weig-hing 45-75 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰor Ⅱ, scheduled for elective maxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia, were divided to control group ( group C) and ETT with in-jecting medicine for continuous airway topical anesthesia group (group E) by a random number table meth-od, with 30 patents in each group. ETT was indwelled until the patients were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after the end of surgery, midazolam 0. 02-0. 03 mg∕kg was intravenously injected, and sufentanil was intravenously infused at a rate of 0. 02-0. 10 μg·kg-1·h-1for sedation. In group E, 2% lidocaine 2 ml was injected through the ETT with injecting medicine every 2 h to perform airway topical anesthesia. The equal volume of normal saline was injected through the ETT with injecting medicine every 2 h to maintain the Ramsay sedation score ≥2 in group C. The occurrence of hypertension, tachycardia and bucking and seda-tive requirements were recorded within 24 h after admission to ICU. The concentrations of norepinephrine and methoxyepinephrine in urine were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 24 h after ad- mission to ICU. Results Compared with group C, the frequency of hypertension, tachycardia and bucking were significantly decreased, the consumption of midazolam and sufentanil was reduced, and the concentra-tions of norepinephrine and methoxyepinephrine in urine were decreased in group E (P＜0. 05). Conclusion ETT with injecting medicine can markedly inhibit responses to an indwelling ETT after operation when used for continuous airway topical anesthesia in the patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the toxicity and anti-inflammatory effect of total saponins from Panax japonicus by different extraction technology. Methods The total saponins of sample 1, sample 2, sample 3, sample 4, sample 5 and sample 6 was prepared respectively by different process, and RAW264.7 cells were treated with the samples of different concentration. Then cells morphology was observed under microscope, thiazolyl blue (MTT) method was used to detect cell activity, the nitric oxide (NO) release of RAW264.7 cells was detected with NO kit. Results The cell toxicity of different samples from low to high was as follows:sample 4sample 5>sample 2>sample 6>sample 1>sample 3. Conclusion Among these six different kinds of extraction process of total saponins from Panax japonicus, the total saponins extract by foam fractionation has not only the minimal toxicity, but also the best primary anti-inflammatory effect.