ABSTRACT
M. mulatta, M. thibetana and M. assamensis have a part of sympatry in distribution areas and closed relationships in phylogeny, but there also exist certain differences among them in the morphology and function of skeleton. In recent years, on their locomotion and adaptive behaviors, the different viewpoints were suggested by many authors. The comparison of distal articular surface of humerus in these species were carried out in this paper. The major results based on 24 humerus including 48 sides are as follows:1. The results of the discriminant analysis suggest that the features and structures of humeral distal articulation of M. thibetana is similar to that of M. assamensis than that of M. mulatta.2. The relative width of articulation (AFT), olecranon fossa (OFW) and internal epicondyle (MEW), and the relative length of trochlea (THL) play more important rule to distinguish the three species of macaques. The. first discriminate function is: F1=13.64MEW-15.57ATF+23.500FW+14.09THL-9.63.3. The characters on distal articulation of humerus of the three species of monkeys differ evidently from the apes.4. The results of principal component analysis show that the locomotion of M. mulatta is similar to Presbytes obscurus, Hylobates and M. nemestrina, and it seems that they are more adaptive to arboreal movement than that in M. thibetana and M. assamensis based on the osteological features and functional morphology of the distal articular surface of humerus.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of the gross dissection and the histologic observation on the thyroid and parathyroid glands of Rhinopithecus. Specimens used in the studies are composed of R. roxellanae (1 (?), subad.), R. bieti (2 ♀♀, ad.; 1 ♀,juv.) and R. brelichi(2(?)(?),ad.). Besides the position and shape of the gross anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands, attention was paid to the cellular types of the parathyroid glands. Material used for the histologic investigation is stained with HE and the modified Mallory-Azan methods and observed under the light microscopy. The principal results are summarized as follows:1. The thyroid gland consists of two lateral obes. The dimension of the gland measured 18.0?9.0, 15.0?8.0 and 14.0?6.0 mm. in bieti;23.0?9.0 mm. in roxellanae; 25.0?9.0 and 30.0?1.0 mm in brelichi; and one isthmus measures 3.0?10.0, 2.0?10.0 and 2.0?6.0 mm. in bieti; 4.0?6.0 mm. in roxellanae; 5.0?12.0 and 5.0?14.0 mm. in brelichi.The total weight of the gland is 1.0, 0.5 and 0.3g in bieti; 0.9g in roxellanae; 0.9 and 1.8g in brelichi.The isthmus connects the lower edges of two lateral lobes. There is no pyramidal lobe.2. The blood supply is derived from the superior thyroid arteries. There are no inferior thyroid arteries in three kinds. The thyroid venous drainage is by the superior and inferior thyroid veins, there is no median thyroid vein.3. The sizes and shapes of the thyroid vary with species. Each animal possesses two parathyroid glands, one of each side, but their position is also variable in the different animals.4. The follicular epithelium of the thyroid contains two cellular types, viz. the typical follicular epithelial cells and C cells.5. The parathyroid gland of Rhinopithecus is histologically similar to that of Macaca mulatta and man, which contains four basic cellular elements. There is an intermediary cellular type probably a variant of the oxyphil cells.6. Grey blue granules are present in the pale oxyphil cells of the parathyroid glands of both brelichi and bieti.7. There are less oxyphil cells among the parenchymal cells of the parathyroid gland in the subadult roxellanae than in both bieti and brelichi.
ABSTRACT
With statistics and anatomic description, the extensor and flexor thigh muscles in francois leaf monkey were studied. Using stepwise regression, the origins and insertions' of the muscles, showing significant correlationship with the femur (E), are only the distance from the most anterior point of origin of the m. sartorius to the acetabular fossa (A) (r=0.68, t=3.33, P