Research Progress of Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential in Multiple Myeloma --Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

With the progress of medical technology, cloning hematopoietic was found to be widely exist in normal people. Because of its clinical significance and prognosis is unclear, it is named clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(CHIP), which has been detected in blood diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome and lymphoma, and proven to be related to poor prognosis. Recently, CHIP has been also detected in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). In this article, the definition and influencing factors of CHIP, clinical significance, prognosis and treatment in MM were reviewed.

Tissue Culture and Exercising Seedlings in Scrophularia ningpoensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Stems,petioles,stem sections with axillary and leaves of Scrophularia ningpoensis were taken as the material in vitro to screen out the suitable plantlet regeneration system and optimal exercising seedling conditions. Method:Different explants,hormones and concentrations on the induction and proliferation of cluster bud were studied by L16(45) orthogonal test. One factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was made on the induction of adventitious buds rooted with different concentrations of hormones. At the same time,different substrates,watering cycles and transition modes were selected to optimize key technologies of exercising seedlings of S. ningpoensis. Result:Stem sections with axillary was the best explant,which was followed by stems,leaves and petioles. The suitable media for the induction of adventitious buds was MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1,with the induction rate of 100.0% and the proliferation multiple of 9.84.The suitable media for root induction was 1/2 MS+IBA 0.2 mg·L-1,with the rooting rate of 100.0% and the number of roots of 39.45.For matrix,they were transplanted with nutrient soil,vermiculite and perlite (5:2:1) as the media,to keep proper matching of fertility,permeability and water retention. The container seedlings can grow well,and the survival rate was more than 95% when they were watered every 2 days,the acclimatization of plantlets took 20 days indoor and 10 days in shaded greenhouses. Conclusion:The clonal propagation system of S. ningpoensis was established to provide an effective way for the efficient,rapid and steady plantlet regeneration,the breeding of high-quality seedlings and the suitable exercising seedling conditions of S. ningpoensis.

TheMRIevaluationandriskfactorsanalysisofchronicinjuryof medialcollateralligamentinpatientswithosteoarthritis / 实用放射学杂志

Objective Toexploretheriskfactorsofchronicinjuryofmedialcollateralligament(MCL)inpatientswithosteoarthritis(OA). Methods Thestudywasconductedretrospectivelyandatotalof191patientsinourhospitalfromFebruary2017toApril2018were collected,amongthem,86casesofOApatientswithchronicinjuryofMCLastheobservationgroup,42casesofpatientswithacute MCLinjurycausedbytraumaasthecontrolgroup1,63casesofOApatientswithoutMCLinjuryascontrolgroup2.TheMRImanifestationsof kneejointsintheobservationgroupandthecontrolgroup1werecompared,thedifferencesofthedamagemechanismsbetweenthe twogroupswereanalyzed.TheMRImanifestationsandrelatedclinicaldataoftheobservationgroupandthecontrolgroup2wereanalyzed,and thefactorsthatmightcausethechronicinjuryofMCL wereidentifiedbyunivariateregressionanalysis,thenwereincludedinthe non-conditional L o g istic regression m odel for m ultivariate analysis and the risk factors and protective factors of chronic injury of MCLwerefinallyscreenedout.Results Thedifferencesinthe MRImanifestationsbetweentheobservationgroupandthecontrol group1,includingthegradingoftheMCLinjury,thegradingandthedislocationofmedialmeniscus,thedistributionofbonemarrow edema,theanteriorandposteriorcruciateligamentinjuriesandthestenosistypesofthejointspacewerestatisticallysignificant(P<0.05).The resultsrevealedthatthechronicinjuryofMCLwasrelatedtoage,sex,medialmeniscusdislocation,thegradingofmedialmeniscus, osteophyte,anteriorcruciateligamentinjury,posteriorcruciateligamentinjury,andthestenosistypeofthejointspaceusingtheunivariateanalysis (P<0.05).Theresultsrevealedthatosteophyte(OR=38.231,95%CI:6.573-222.370),medialmeniscusdislocation (OR=6.504, 95%CI:1.508-28.046),anteriorcruciateligamentinjury(OR=7.236,95%CI:1.188-44.090)wereriskfactorsforchronicinjury ofMCLinOApatientsandlateraljointspacestenosis(OR=0.014, 95%CI:0.002-0.092)andpatella-femoraljointspacestenosis (OR=0.006,95%CI:0.000-0.071)wereprotectivefactorsusing multiple L o g istic regression model.Conclusion Thepathogenicfactorsaredifferentbetweenchronicinjuryof MCLin OA patients andacuteinjuryofMCL.Osteophyte,medialmeniscusdislocation,anteriorcruciateligamentinjuryareriskfactorsforchronicinjury ofMCLinOApatients,andlateraljointspacestenosisandpatella-femoralspacestenosisareprotectivefactors.

Establishment of cryptorchid infertile models by postnatal injection of estradiol in mice / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the incidence and spermatogenesis of cryptorchid testes induced by postnatal injection of estradiol.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety male newborn Balb/C mice were randomly divided into an experimental (n = 60), a solvent control (n = 20) and a normal control group (n = 10). The experimental mice were again assigned to a 4-week, a 6-week, an 8-week, and a 10-week subgroup, and injected subcutaneously with 17-beta estradiol (5 microg/d) from 3 to 28, 3 to 42, 3 to 56 and 3 to 70 days after birth, respectively. The incidence of cryptorchidism and morphological changes of the testes were observed at 2 weeks after drug withdrawal.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence rates of cryptorchidism in the 4-, 6-, 8- and 10-week groups were 0%, 26.7%, 60% and 60%, respectively, but no cryptorchidism occurred in the solvent and normal control groups. The 4- and 6-week groups showed autonomous descent of the cryptorchid testes and recovery of spermatogenesis after drug withdrawal. The models became stable and no spermatogenesis recovery was observed after 8 weeks of continuous medication.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Stable cryptorchid infertile models can be established in mice by postnatally continuous injection of estradiol for over 8 weeks.</p>

Expression of insulin-like factor 3 in the testis of flutamide-induced cryptorchidism mice and its significance / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes in the mRNA expression of insulin-like factor 3 (INSL-3) in the testis of mouse models of flutamide-induced cryptorchidism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomized pregnant BALB/c mice to groups A (control) , B, C, D and E to receive continuous gavage of flutamide at 0, 150, 300, 500 and 700 mg/kg body weight, respectively, from gestation day 12 to 21. We detected the expression of INSL-3 mRNA in the testis of the neonates by real-time PCR at 4 and 8 postnatal weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No cryptorchidism was found in group A; unilateral cryptorchidism was seen in groups B (10.0%) and C (25.0%); and bilateral cryptorchidism was observed in groups D (21.1%) and E (40.0%). The expression of INSL-3 mRNA was reduced with the increased dose of flutamide, not significantly changed in groups B and C (P > 0.05) but remarkably decreased in D and E as compared with A (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Administration of flutamide to pregnant mice can induce unilateral cryptorchidism at 150 and 300 mg/kg and bilateral cryptorchidism at 500 and 700 mg/kg in their male offspring, which may be related with its reducing effect on the expression of INSL-3 in the testis of the mice.</p>

Clinical results of femoral head replacements for femoral intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To compare the clinical results of femoral head replacement for femoral in- tertrochanteric fractures and femoral neck fractures in aged patients.Methods Forty cases of femoral in- tertrochanteric fractures and 45 cases of femoral neck fractures (aged over 80 years) underwent femoral head re- placement from August 1996 to April 2002 in our department.The clinical results of the two groups were retro- spectively compared and analyzed statistically.Their follow-up periods,ranging from 3 to 7 years,averaged 4.6 years in the intertrochanteric fracture group and 5.5 years in the neck fracture group.Results The differences in time of hospitalization,perioperative blood loss,postoperative drainage,ambulation trine,early compiications be- tween the two groups were of no statistical significance (P＞0.05).The differences in operation time and inequality in leg length after operation between the two groups were of statistical significance (P＜0.05).The operation time was longer and more limb-length inequality occurred in the intertrochanteric fracture group than in the neck fracture group.There was no significant difference in Harris score at the last follow-up between the two groups.The X-ray at the final follow-up showed that there was insignificant difference in postoperative hip joint space,hip pain,or stem loosening between the two groups (P＞0.05).The stem revision incidences were of no statistical significance be- tween the two groups (P＞0.05).The two groups reported no acetabular protrusion.Conclusion With standard cemented prostheses,femoral head replacements can achieve as similar functional outcomes for patients with in- tertrochanteric fractures as for those with femoral neck fractures.