Research progress in separation surgery combined with stereotactic radiotherapy of spinal metastases / 中国骨伤

With the continuous improvement of cancer treatment, the survival of patients with spinal metastases has been significantly prolonged. Currently, the treatment of spinal metastases presents a trend of multi-mode. Clinical surgical methods include vertebral tumor resecting spinal canal decompression and internal fixation surgery, separation surgery, minimally invasive surgery and percutaneous ablation technology, etc. Radiotherapy techniques include traditional external radiation therapy, stereotactic radiotherapy and brachytherapy, etc. The risk of vertebral tumor resecting spinal canal decompression and internal fixation surgery, and the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications is high. The extension of postoperative recovery period may lead to delay of follow-up radiotherapy and other medical treatment, which has a serious impact on patients' survival and treatment confidence. However, the precision of traditional external radiation therapy is not high, and the limitation of tolerance of spinal cord makes it difficult to achieve the goal of controlling insensitive tumor. With the development of radiotherapy and surgical technology, stereotactic radiotherapy with higher accuracy and separation surgery with smaller surgical strike have become the focus of many clinical experts at present. This article reviews the progress of Hybrid treatment of separation surgery combined with stereotactic radiotherapy.

Progress of decompression surgery for spinal metastases / 中国骨伤

The spine is the most common site of bone metastases from malignant tumors, with metastatic epidural spinal cord compression occurring in about 10% of patients with spinal metastases. Palliative radiotherapy and simple laminectomy and decompression have been the main treatments for metastatic spinal cord compression. The former is ineffective and delayed for radiation-insensitive tumors, and the latter often impairs spinal stability. With the continuous improvement of surgical techniques and instrumentation in recent years, the treatment model of spinal metastases has changed a lot. Decompression surgery underwent open decompression, separation surgery, minimally invasive surgery and laser interintermal thermal ablation decompression. However, no matter what kind of surgical plan is adopted, it should be assessed precisely according to the specific situation of the patient to minimize the risk of surgery as far as possible to ensure the smooth follow-up radiotherapy. This paper reviews the research progress of decompression for spinal metastases.

Effect of polydatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of THP-1 cells and the mechanism / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the effect of polydatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 and the possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#After THP-1 cells were treated with polydatin at gradient concentrations for 24 hours and 48 hours, their proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay, and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. Logarithmically growing THP-1 cells were divided into two groups, a polydatin treatment group (treated with IC50 of polydatin) and a blank control group (treated without polydatin solution), and incubated for 48 hours. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry. The expression levels of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, p-mTOR, p70 S6K, and p-p70 S6K proteins were measured by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#After treatment with polydatin, the proliferation of THP-1 cells was strongly inhibited, and the IC50 at 48 hours was 1 800 μmol/L. After treatment with 1 800 μmol/L polydatin solution for 48 hours, the apoptosis rate of THP-1 cells increased significantly compared with the blank control group (P<0.05). The cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 and S phases, with a significantly increased proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a significantly decreased proportion of cells in the S phase, as compared with the blank control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, p-mTOR, p70 S6K, and p-p70 S6K proteins decreased significantly compared with the blank control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Polydatin can effectively inhibit the proliferation, block the cell cycle, and induce the apoptosis of THP-1 cells, which may be related to inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Anti-cancer Mechanism of "Clematis Radix et Rhizoma-Trichosanthis Radix" Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the potential targets and mechanism of action of "Clematis Radix et Rhizoma-Trichosanthis Radix" based on network pharmacology. Method:Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Analysis Platform（TCMSP） was used to screen out active ingredients and corresponding target proteins of Clematis Radix et Rhizoma and Trichosanthis Radix according to oral bioavailability（OB） and drug likeness（DL），cancer disease targets were screened out using GeneCards and OMIM databases，R language software was used to screen out common targets of clematis，trichosanthin and cancer diseases， Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct a network map of "drug-active ingredient-disease-target"， STRING database was used to draw protein protein interaction（PPI）of common target proteins， R language software was used to perform enrichment analysis of gene ontology（GO） functions and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG） channels on effective targets. Result:A total of 9 effective active ingredients were obtained from Clematis Radix et Rhizoma-Trichosanthis Radix powder pair. A total of 31 target genes were searched，and 814 relevant target genes were searched from cancer diseases. The two kinds of relevant target genes were matched to obtain 9 common target genes，which mainly involved endopeptidase，cysteine-type endopeptidase activities involving in the apoptosis process and cancer necrosis factor receptor superfamily binding and other biological processes，and played a role in the treatment of cancers by regulating apoptosis，measles，hepatitis B，kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection，p53，interleukin-17（IL-17），tumor necrosis factor（TNF） and many other pathways. Conclusion:The mechanism of Clematis Radix et Rhizoma-Trichosanthis Radix in the treatment of cancer is preliminarily studied. Clematis Radix et Rhizoma-Trichosanthis Radix has multiple active ingredients and can play a role in treating cancer through multiple targets and multiple pathways.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Late Onset Hyponatremia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The Meta-analysis was used to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in treating Late onset hyponatremia （late onset hyponatremia，LOH）. Method:Pubmed，Web of Science，China Knowledge Base Database （CNKI），Wanfang Database （WanFang），Weipu Full-text Periodical Database（VIP），Chinese Biomedical Literature Database （CBM）were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） for treatment of LOH. Two researchers independently screened out the literatures， extracted the data， conducted quality assessment by Cochrance bias risk assessment tool，and made Meta-analysis by RevMan 5.3.5 software. Result:Nine eligible documents were finally included. Meta-analysis results showed that the test group was superior to the control group in improving patient's physical fitness/cardiovascular score ［mean deviation（MD）=-1.42，95% CI（-2.39，-0.45），<italic>P</italic>=0.004］ and psycho-psychological score［MD=-0.74，95% CI（-1.26，-0.22），<italic>P</italic>=0.005］，with no statistically significant difference between test group and control group in sexual function score ［MD=-0.68，95% CI（-1.38，-0.03），<italic>P</italic>=0.06］，serum testosterone （TT） concentration［MD=-0.68，95% CI（-1.38，-0.03），<italic>P</italic>=0.06］ and effective rate ［odds ratio（OR）=1.57，95% CI（0.64，3.88），<italic>P</italic>=0.33］. Conclusion:TCM is equivalent to western medicine（testosterone undecanoate）in the treatment of late onset hypogonadism， and better than western medicine in improving patients' physical fitness/cardiovascular score and mental and psychological score.

Therapeutic Principles and Medication Regularity of Chinese Medicine for Treatment of Urolithiasis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the therapeutic principles and medication regularity of Chinese medicine for the treatment of urolithiasis based on data mining and literature research. Method:Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI） was searched for the clinical research papers on Chinese medicinal compounds for the treatment of urolithiasis published from database inception to November 10，2020. Therapeutic methods and Chinese medicinal compounds were extracted from the included papers，and the frequencies of therapeutic methods and the drugs in the Chinese medicinal compounds，as well as the efficacies were analyzed. The medication regularity of high-frequency drugs was explored by association rule analysis and cluster analysis. Result:A total of 247 papers and 247 Chinese medicinal compounds were included，and 209 drugs were involved. Those with high frequencies included Lysimachiae Herba，Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum，Lygodii Spora，Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix，Pyrrosiae Folium，Plantaginis Semen，and Talcum. The drugs with the highest frequency were effective in promoting urination，draining dampness，and activating blood to resolve stasis，followed by those in tonifying deficiency，regulating Qi，and purgation. Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum，Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma，and Succinum were used as specialized drugs targeting the syndrome. Association rule analysis showed that Lysimachiae Herba，Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum，and Lygodii Spora were commonly used in pairwise or ternary combination，followed by the pairwise combinations of Lysimachiae Herba with Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix，Pyrrosiae Folium，and Plantaginis Semen. High-frequency drugs were clustered into four categories by clustering analysis. Thirty-one therapeutic principles were employed in the 247 Chinese medicinal compounds. The ones with the highest frequency were clearing heat and eliminating dampness，resolving stasis and promoting urination，and tonifying kidney and replenishing qi. Conclusion:For the treatment of urolithiasis，promoting urination and draining dampness is the core therapeutic principle，and activating blood to resolve stasis is the important therapeutic principle，while tonifying is the potential therapeutic principle. The medication for urolithiasis is featured by specialized drugs targeting the syndrome.

Russian Characteristic Medicinal Plant Resources Based on DNA Barcode Technology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To investigate the distribution status of medicinal plants in the wild areas of Russian Caucasus and Altai, and clarify the types and efficacy information of medicinal plants in the area, so as to dig deep into new resources and new functions of medicinal plants in the countries along the Belt and Road. Method::Medicinal plants in the wild were searched and collected to make waxy specimens, and sent back to the country to extract the total DNA of the leaves of the leaves. Internal Transcribed Spacer(ITS)sequence universal primers were used for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)amplification. The PCR products were sent for the two-way sequencing, and the sequencing results are spliced by software according to National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI). The same ITS sequence of the highest similarity species obtained by database BLAST was analyzed by DNAman software to identify the ITS sequence of the species and the ITS sequence of the same species. The MEGA 7 software was used as the phylogenetic tree, and the Kimura-2 parameter genetic distance was used to construct the neighbor joining(NJ) phylogenetic tree by the neighbor-joining method. The confidence of each branch of the development tree was tested by the bootstrap test method. A total of 2 000 cycles were performed, and the results were identified based on the clustering results. On this basis, the key medicinal plants in the Russian Caucasus and Altay wild areas were summarized and analyzed. Result::After BLAST alignment in NCBI database, the ITS sequences of each specimen were clustered with the login sequences on the NCBI database, which were separated from the outer group. The species classification of the specimens to be identified was determined by combining the characteristics of the specimens. A total of 51 plants were identified from the specimens collected in the field, covering 44 genera of 17 families, and 29 plants had clear efficacy records. The National Drug List of the Russian Federation and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were retrieved to summarize commonly used medicinal plants in China and conclude that 20 kinds of Chinese and Russian common medicinal materials have different medicinal effects in local areas. This study has a reference significance for expanding the scope and clinical experience of traditional Chinese medicines, and provides a basis for strengthened local species conservation, development and utilization of wild medicinal plant resources.

Analysis of Phenotype and Genotype of A Family with Hereditary Coagulation Factor Ⅴ Deficiency Caused by A Compound Heterozygous Mutation / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the molecular pathogenesis by analysis of phenotype and gene mutation in families with hereditary coagulation factor V (FⅤ) defect caused by complex heterozygous mutation.@*METHODS@#Plasma pro-thrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), FⅤ procoagulant activity (FⅤ∶C), FⅤ antigen (FⅤ∶Ag), and other related coagulation indexes were detected in the proband and his family members (3 generations 10 people). Using DNA direct sequencing to analyze all exons, flanks, 5' and 3' untranslated regions of F5 genes and the corresponding mutation site regions of family members, the mutation site was confirmed by reverse sequencing．The conservation of mutant amino acids was analyzed by ClustalX-2.1-win software. The PROVEAN and MutationTaster online bioinformatics software were used to predict the effect of mutation on protein function. Protein model and amino acid interaction at mutation sites was analyzed by Swiss-pdbviewer software.@*RESULTS@#The PT and APTT of the proband were significantly prolonged compared with healthy controls (34.2 vs 13.2 s and 119.3 vs 36.0 s), while FⅤ∶C and FⅤ∶Ag extremely reduced (3% and 6%). The PT and APTT of the second-born, the third son, daughter, and grandson of the proband were slightly prolonged, and the FⅤ∶C and FⅤ∶Ag decreased to varying degrees. The related coagulant parameters of other family members were within normal range. Genetic analysis revealed that the proband had a c.911G>A heterozygous missense mutation on the exon 6 lead to p.Gly276Glu, and a c.5343C>G heterozygous missense mutation on the exon 16 lead to p.Ser1781Arg of the proband. The second-born, the third son, and grandson of the proband carry p.Gly276Glu heterozygotes, and the daughter carries p.Ser1781Arg heterozygotes, while the other family members were wild-type. The results of conservative analysis indicated that p.Gly276 and p.Ser1781 were highly conserved in homologous species. The two bioinformatics software predicted the same results, PROVEAN (score -6.214 and -12.79) indicated that the compound heterozygous mutation was a harmful mutation; MutationTaster (score 0.976 and 0.999) suggested that these mutations might cause corresponding disease. p.Gly276Glu protein model analysis showed that, the Glu side chain was prolonged and the molecular weight became larger, which would increase the steric hindrance between it and the surrounding amino acids, affect the normal local folding of the FⅤ protein, and eventually lead to the decrease of protein activity and content. This paper can not provide analysis of the spatial structure of p.Ser1781Arg mutant protein because of the lack of X ray 3 D structure file of FⅤ exon 16.@*CONCLUSION@#The new compound heterozygous mutations (p.Gly276Glu and p.Ser1781Arg) identified in this study are the main reasons for the decrease in the FⅤ level of the family, among which p.Ser1781Arg is rarely reported at home and abroad.

Recent advances in long non-coding RNA of yeast / 医学研究生学报

Long non-coding RNA is a kind of functional RNA molecule which is widely existed in organisms and does not encode proteins. It plays a role directly at the RNA level and affects the life activities of organisms. With the development of research technology, the research on long non-coding RNA in fungi has been increasing steadily. This article mainly classifies long non-coding RNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and describes their mode of action and the biological functions they participate in, in order to provide some theory and further research for yeast long non-coding RNA research foundation.

Network Pharmacology Research of Wuzi Yanzongwan in Treatment of Male Infertility / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Exploring the material basis and mechanism of Wuzi Yanzongwan in the treatment of male infertility based on network pharmacology. Method:Traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP) was used to screen the active ingredients and targets in Wuzi Yanzongwan. GeneCards, OMIM and PharmGkb databases were used to screen the targets of male infertility. R language software was used to screen common targets of drugs and diseases, Pharmaceutical active ingredients-disease target interaction network was constructed by using Cytoscape software. The common target protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed by STRING platform, the gene ontology(GO) analysis of common target was analyzed by ClueGo plug-in, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway was enriched by R language software. Result:A total of 72 active ingredients were obtained from Wuzi Yanzongwan, and 35 possible targets for the treatment of male infertility were obtained. These targets are mainly involved in biological processes such as oxidation and antioxidant activity, and are mainly concentrated in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt) and hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1) signaling pathways. Conclusion:The network pharmacology confirmed the multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway action characteristics of Wuzi Yanzongwan, predicted the possible mechanism of Wuzi Yanzongwan in the treatment of male infertility, and provided theoretical basis for further study of its active ingredients and mechanism.

Clinical features and prognosis of malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children: a clinical analysis of 24 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (MAHS) in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed for the primary diseases, clinical features, and prognosis of 24 children with MAHS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 24 children, 11 (46%) had MAHS induced by tumor and 13 (54%) had chemotherapy-associated MAHS. As for primary diseases, 17 children had acute leukemia, 6 had lymphoma, and 1 had neuroblastoma. The most common clinical manifestations were pyrexia, respiratory symptoms, and hepatosplenomegaly. The most common laboratory abnormalities were hemocytopenia, elevated serum ferritin, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase. Of the 24 children, 22 were treated according to the HLH-2004 protocol and 2 gave up treatment; 18 children died, 1 was lost to follow-up, and 5 survived. The survival time ranged from 3 days to 2 years and 4 months (median 28 days).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Children with MAHS have various clinical features and extremely poor treatment outcomes.</p>

Finite element analysis of the stress distribution of spinal fusion versus non-fusion surgeries / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: At present, traditional interbody fusion is still the main method for lumbar degeneration, and non-fusion treatment has achieved rapid development in recent years, but the effects of two kinds of methods on the lumbar biomechanics deserve a further study. OBJECTIVE: To explore the load distribution on the degenerative lumbar vertebrae, and pathogenesis of lumbar spine degeneration through finite element analysis; and to compare the stress distribution on the lumbar vertebrae and treatment outcomes after fusion and non-fusion surgeries. METHODS: The finite element models of four groups were established, respectively, based on the CT images, including normal lumbar spine, lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, and lumbar spine after fusion and non-fusion surgeries. The four groups were modeled in neutral position, lateral flexion, flexion and rotation by workbench 17.0, and the finite element analysis of stress and statics was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The finite element analysis of degenerative lumbar spine showed that the stress of intervertebral disc mainly concentrated on the posterior part of the annulus fibrosus. The degenerative annulus fibrosus easily became thin under stress, thus affecting the lumbar stability. (2) The comparative analysis results found that the finite element results of the lumbar spine after non-fusion surgery were closer to those of the normal lumbar spine. Therefore, non-fusion surgery can achieve better repair outcomes in the treatment of lumbar vertebral degeneration.

Outcome evaluation of clinicalpharmacists intervention on clinical antimicrobial agents / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effects of clinical pharmacist intervention in the clinical application of antibiotics combined with the index management.Methods The data of antibiotics usage rate and intensity, the microbial test sample submission rate, and the clean incision preventive usage rate of inpatients and outpatients were analyzed by chi-square test in the same period before (2015) and after (2016) the clinical pharmacist intervention.Results After intervention, the antibiotics usage rate of inpatients and outpatients were lower than that of 2015 (50.02% and 25.72%, P<0.05).In 2016, the usage intensity of antibiotics was 50.59%, while it was 62.39% in 2015.At the same time, the microbial test sample submission rate increased from 13.96% to 27.49%(P<0.05).In 2016, the clean operation preventive usage rate of antibiotics decreased month by month.In the meantime, the reasonable rate of delivery timing, variety selection, and administration time of clean operation preventive usage of antibiotics were on the rise.Conclusions The professional intervention of clinical pharmacistis benefit for the routine, standardization, and professionalization of clinical antibiotics application.It also promotes the rational use of drugs and the progress of hospital pharmacy.

Calculation of orbital fat volumes for determining treatment timing for thyroid- associated ophthalmopathy / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the relationship between orbital fat volume and the progression and prognosis of thyroid- associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and determine the optimal treatment timing for TAO.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data were collected from 35 patients (70 orbits) with a definite diagnosis of TAO between January, 2016 and December, 2016. The correlation between orbital fat volume and the clinical parameters was evaluated. We also analyzed the correlation of the signal intensity ratio (SIR) of the extraocular muscles with the clinical parameters. The orbital fat volume was compared between patients with TAO and 12 control subjects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The orbital fat volume was significantly correlated with the duration of TAO (r=0.480, P<0.01), but showed no significant difference between patients with a disease course within 6 months and those with a disease course of 6 to 12 months (P=0.084). The patients with a disease course beyond 12 months had a significantly greater orbital fat volume than those with a disease course of 6 months (P<0.01) or 6 to 12 months (P<0.05). The orbital fat volume was correlated with the degree of proptosis (r=0.622, P<0.01), and an increase of exophthalmos by 1 mm was associated with a total orbital volume increment of 0.88 mL. The clinical activity score was correlated with the SIR of the extraorbital muscles (r=0.536, P<0.01) and levels of anti-thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (r=0.416,P<0.01). The orbital fat volume was significantly greater in TAO patients than in the healthy individuals (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In patients with TAO, the peak increase of orbital fat volume occurs one year after the disease onset. Measurement of the orbital fat volume combined with SIR of the extraorbital muscles can serve as an indicator for determining the optimal timing for intervention of TAO and helps in the evaluation of prognosis of the patients.</p>

A novel method for quantitative measurement of orbital fat volume based on magnetic resonance images / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a new method for rapid and quantitative measurement of orbital fat volume based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected MRI data from normalized mold and patients with the diagnosis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). The cross-sectional areas of the orbital fat on each MR image slice were measured to calculate the fat volume on each slice and then the total orbital fat volume. We recorded the time for completing the measurement and assessed the precision, reliability, repeatability and interoperator variations of the results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>This MRI data-based method allowed precise measurement of the orbital fat volumes with an absolute value of the mean percentage difference <1%. This method was fast and the results showed a good repeatability (with CVs <1%), a high reliability (ICC=0.996, 95%CI: 0.985-0.999) and a high interoperator concordance (95%CI of the Bland-Altman: -0.54-0.90).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The novel method we established for orbital fat volume measurement is rapid, accurate, reliable and reproducible with a low learning cost for clinical use.</p>

Role of Histone Methylation in Myeloid Malignancies -Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Histone methylation is one of the important epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, and plays a significant role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Many recent studies have shown that abnormalities of histone methylation are closely related with the initiation and progression of myeloid malignancies. The reversibility of histone methylation provides a broad prospect for the discovery and application of specific small molecule drugs. This review summarizes the recent progresses in this area and mainly focuses on the correlation of histone methylation with myeloid malignancies.

The curative effect of albendazole combined with cimetidine in the treatment of hepatic echinococcosis / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the clinical effect of albendazole combined with cimetidine in the treatment of hepatic hydatid disease.Methods 60 cases with liver hydatid disease from 2010 to 2014 wrer selected,and they were randomly divided into two groups,30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with albendazole tablets,2 times daily,2 capsules/time.The treatment group was intravenously injected cimetidine based on the treatment of the control group.Before and after treatment,the ultrasound imaging changes and clinical effect were observed.Results In the control group,the total effective rate was 83.33%(25 /30).In the treatment group, the total effective rate was 96.67%(29 /30).The total effective rate between the two groups had statistically signifi-cant difference(χ2 =9.842,P <0.01).Conclusion Albendazole combined with cimetidine in treatment of hepatic hydatid disease has good curative effect,which can be viewed as first choice in the treatment of hydatid disease.

Therapy progress of spinal cord compression by metastatic spinal tumor / 中国骨伤

Metastatic epidural compression of the spinal cord is a significant source of morbidity in patients with systemic cancer. With improvment of oncotheray, survival period in the patients is improving and metastatic cord compression is en- countered increasingly often. Surgical management performed for early circumferential decompression for the spinal cord com- pression with spine instability, and spine reconstruction performed. Patients with radiosensitive tumours without spine instabili- ty, radiotherapy is an effective therapy. Spinal stereotactic radiosurgery and minimally invasive techniques, such as vertebro- plasty and kyphoplasty, percutaneous pedicle screw fixation, radiofrequency ablation are promising options for treatment of cer- tain selected patients with spinal metastases.

Establishment of Integration-Free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from A Patient with Primary Myelofibrosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the primary myelofibrosis (PMF)-induced pluripotent stem cell line (iPSC) by means of iPSC techinique so as to provide a experimental model for studying the blood disease mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Induced pluripotent stem cells were generated from mononuclear cells isolated from a PMF patient with JAK2(V617F) mutation by using episomal vectors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PMF-derived iPSC was established from the patient with JAK2(V617F) gene mutation. The PMF-iPSC could be stably passaged, highly expressed pluripotent genes as human embryonic stem (ES) cells, and were able to form teratoma in NOD/SCID mice in vivo. H & E staining of the teratoma showed the presence of tissue type derived from all three embryonic germ layers. Sanger sequencing confirmed that PMF-derived iPSC carried different allele burdens of JAK2(V617F) gene mutation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The interation-free iPSC from primary myelofibrosis patient in vitro has been established. This PMF-derived iPSC line provides a valuable tool for studying the pathogenesis, screening of chimical drugs and realizing the standard therapy of PMF.</p>

Expression of CD58 in childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its feasibility in minimal residual disease detection / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (CD58) in childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and to explore the feasibility of CD58 as an indicator for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in childhood B-ALL.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-seven children diagnosed with B-ALL between January 2014 and September 2014 were enrolled, and 20 hospitalized children who had no tumor or blood disease and had normal bone marrow cell morphology served as the control group. The expression features of CD58 in bone marrow samples from the two groups (at diagnosis, on day 15 of induction chemotherapy) were analyzed by four-color flow cytometry (FCM). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and FCM were used to detect MRD in B-ALL patients on day 33 of induction chemotherapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean fluorescence intensity of CD58 expression in the 87 B-ALL cases (91±33) was significantly higher than that in the 20 controls (14±6) (P<0.01); CD58 was over-expressed in 44 of the B-ALL cases. In the B-ALL children, the expression of CD58 on day 15 of induction chemotherapy (105±22) was not significantly different from that at diagnosis (107±26) (P>0.05). In the 44 B-ALL patients with CD58 over-expression, FCM showed 9 MRD(+) cases and 35 MRD(-) cases, while qRT-PCR showed 11 MRD(+) cases and 33 MRD(-) cases; 42 cases (95%) showed consistent results of the two tests, so there was no significant difference between the two methods in detecting MRD (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CD58 is over-expressed and stable in children with B-ALL, and it can be considered as an indicator for MRD detection in childhood B-ALL.</p>