Analysis of the characteristics of retracted scientific papers in the field of global liver diseases published by Chinese scholars / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of scientific papers in the field of global liver diseases published by Chinese scholars that were retracted for diverse reasons from the Retraction Watch database, so as to provide a reference to publishing-related papers. Methods: The Retraction Watch database was retrieved for retracted papers in the field of global liver disease published by Chinese scholars from March 1, 2008 to January 28, 2021. The regional distribution, source journals, reasons for retraction, publication and retraction times, and others were analyzed. Results: A total of 101 retracted papers that were distributed across 21 provinces/cities were retrieved. Zhejiang area (n = 17) had the most retracted papers, followed by Shanghai (n = 14), and Beijing (n = 11). The vast majority were research papers (n = 95). The journal PLoS One had the highest number of retracted papers. In terms of time distribution, 2019 (n = 36) had the most retracted papers. 23 papers, accounting for 8.3% of all retractions, were retracted owing to journal or publisher concerns. Liver cancer (34%), liver transplantation (16%), hepatitis (14%), and others were the main areas of retracted papers. Conclusion: Chinese scholars have a large number of retracted articles in the field of global liver diseases. A journal or publisher chooses to retract a manuscript after investigating and discovering more flawed problems, which, however, require further support, revision, and supervision from the editorial and academic circles.

Nanoparticles with rough surface improve the therapeutic effect of photothermal immunotherapy against melanoma

Photothermal therapy has been intensively investigated for treating cancer in recent years. However, the long-term therapeutic outcome remains unsatisfying due to the frequently occurred metastasis and recurrence. To address this challenge, immunotherapy has been combined with photothermal therapy to activate anti-tumor immunity and relieve the immunosuppressive microenvironment within tumor sites. Here, we engineered silica-based core‒shell nanoparticles (JQ-1@PSNs-R), in which silica cores were coated with the photothermal agent polydopamine, and a bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor JQ-1 was loaded in the polydopamine layer to combine photothermal and immune therapy for tumor elimination. Importantly, to improve the therapeutic effect, we increased the surface roughness of the nanoparticles by hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching during the fabrication process, and found that the internalization of JQ-1@PSNs-R was significantly improved, leading to a strengthened photothermal killing effect as well as the increased intracellular delivery of JQ-1. In the animal studies, the multifunctional nanoparticles with rough surfaces effectively eradicated melanoma via photothermal therapy, successfully activated tumor-specific immune responses against residual tumor cells, and further prevented tumor metastasis and recurrence. Our results indicated that JQ-1@PSNs-R could serve as an innovative and effective strategy for combined cancer therapy.

Investigation of leprosy survivors in Fengxian District， Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective:To understand the current living and health status of leprosy survivors in Fengxian District， Shanghai， and to provide scientific evidence for improving their quality of life. Methods:In January 2018-June 2020， professionally trained CDC staff performed a household investigation on 41 patients with leprosy （case group） and 82 non-leprosy persons （control group） every year. Living and health status， and routine laboratory examinations such as blood pressure， blood glucose， and blood lipids were monitored. Results:Majority of the patients with leprosy had low educational level （68.29% being primary school） and were mostly farmers （51.22%）.The patients had abnormal residual Ⅱ level 5 （12.20%） and mostly were tb-like （TT） （53.66%）. Moreover， some patients were not incapacitated （46.34%）， had no family financial difficulties （29.27%）， did not acquire the national subsistence allowance policy （58.54%）， and asked for "regular physical examination" （68.29%）.Compared to the 82 control persons， the patients with leprosy had significantly different body mass index （BMI） and blood pressure （P<0.05）. Conclusion:Living and health status of leprosy survivors in Fengxian District remains to be further improved. The China Disabled Persons’ Federation （CDF）， Red Cross， civil affairs， and health administration need to further strengthen the cooperation.

Application process of therapeutic plasma exchange for neurological diseases in Blood Transfusion Department / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To standardize the application process of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in Blood Transfusion Departments for neurological diseases. 【Methods】 Working procedures of 2 785 TPE sessions in 617 patients with neurological diseases, from January 2019 to May 2021, were analyzed and summarized. The experiences and methods during TPE, druing patient evaluation, protocol formulation and implementation, and the management of adverse reaction during or at the end of TPE were summarized to optimize the application process of each link. 【Results】 A systematic application process could standardize the responsibilities of blood transfusion physicians and neurologists in indication, adverse reaction and treatment program. During the TPE treatment, different degrees of adverse reactions were handled in time, providing a reliable guarantee for patient safety. 【Conclusion】 Standardized application process, as the basis for TPE implementation in neurologic diseases, is the premise of safety treatment for patients.

Clinical Analysis of Patients with MGUS, Primary Light Chain Amyloidosis, Multiple Myeloma or Multiple Myeloma with Concurrent Amyloidosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize and compare the clinical baseline characteristics of patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), primary light chain amyloidosis (pAL), multiple myeloma (MM), or MM with concurrent amyloidosis, especially the differences in cytogenetic abnormalities.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 15 cases of MGUS, 34 cases of pAL, 842 cases of MM and 23 cases of MM with concurrent amyloidosis were analyzed and compared retrospectively.@*RESULTS@#Cytogenetic statistics showed that the incidence of t (11; 14) in the four groups (MGUS vs pAL vs MM vs MM with concurrent amyloidosis) was 0%, 33.3%, 16.4%, and 15.8%, respectively (P=0.037); that of 13q deletion was 20.0%, 14.7%, 45.8% and 56.5%, respectively (P<0.001); gain of 1q21 was 50.0%, 12.5%, 47.4% and 40.9%, respectively (P=0.001). Proportion of pAL patients with 0, 1 and≥2 cytogenetic abnormalities (including 13q deletion, 17p deletion, 1q21 amplification and IgH translocation) accounted for 41.9%, 41.9% and 16.1%, respectively; while the proportion of the same category in MM was 17.6%, 27.3%, and 55.2% respectively; this ratio of MM with concurrent amyloidosis was more similar to MM. Subgroup analysis showed that genetic abnormalities (including 13q deletion, 17p deletion and 1q21 amplification) were comparable within t (11; 14) negative and positive groups. Compared with positive cases, t(11; 14) negative patients with MM or MGUS were more likely to have 13q deletions and multiple genetic abnormalities.@*CONCLUSION@#Clinical characteristics of pAL, especially cytogenetic abnormalities, are significantly different from MM with concurrent amyloidosis. It suggests that although the onset characteristics are similar, actually the two diseases belong to different disease subtypes which should be carefully predicted and identified.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis effects of Sanjie Zhentong Capsule on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease in rats / 中草药

Objective: The anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of Sanjie Zhentong Capsule (SJZT) on chronic pelvic inflammation in rats were investigated and its underlying mechanisms were explored. Methods: Ten rats regarded as normal group with sham operation were randomly selected from 60 female SD rats, and the remaining rats were injected with phenol mucilage in the left uteri to replicate chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. On day 14, after the operation, according to body weight, the 50 rats were randomly allocated to model group, dexamethasone (DEX) group, SJZT low dose group (0.192 g/kg), SJZT middle dose group (0.384 g/kg), and SJZT high dose group (0.768 g/kg). The drugs were dissolved in 0.5% CMC-Na solution and administered respectively, while 0.5% CMC-Na solution was given to the normal and model group. After all the animals were treated by oral gavage once a day for 30 d, the blood and the left uteri were collected. The uterine tissues were fixed and stained with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson’s trichrome for histopathology examination and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, PDGF, and TIMP in serum were assayed by ELISA. The protein expression levels of p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, NF-κB p65, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the uteri were also detected by Western blotting. Results: Compared with the model group, SJZT could effectively improve the arrangement disorder of cavity wall, reduce the degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the congestion of lamina propria, and alleviate the proliferation of collagen fibers in lamina propria. SJZT could also reduce the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, PDGF, and TIMP in serum. Moreover, the protein expression of p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, and NF-κB p65 in the uteri were inhibited significantly, and at the same time the protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was increased markedly by SJZT. Conclusion: SJZT exhibits robust anti- inflammatory and anti-fibrosis effects in chronic pelvic inflammatory disease model induced by phenol mucilage. Its mechanisms may be related to regulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, inhibiting inflammation, reducing the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM), increasing the degradation of ECM and promoting the repair of fibrosis.

The effect of artificial cycle scheme after long-acting GnRH agonist down regulation in endometrium preparation in frozen embryo transfer cycle in patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome / 中国医师杂志

Objective To assess the effects of artificial cycle after long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist down regulation scheme and artificial cycle only scheme in preparation of endometrium before frozen embryo transfer in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients on pregnancy outcome.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the frozen embryo transfer of 132 PCOS patients in the reproductive center of Hunan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from November 2016 to October 2017.The patients were divided into GnRH-a down regulation + artificial cycle group (n =66) and simple artificial cycle group (n =66) according to the different endometrial preparation schemes before frozen embryo transplantation.The transplantation cycle and pregnancy outcome of the two groups were compared.Results (1) There was no statistically significant difference in age,primary infertility rate,infertility years and body mass index (BMI) between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).(2) In the artificial cycle group,4 cases in which the transplantation was cancelled,including 2 cases who were cancelled due to breakthrough bleeding and 2 cases due to endometrial thickness that were less than 7 mm.There was a statistically significant difference in the cancellation rate between the two groups (x2 =4.13,P =0.04).There were no statistically significant difference in embryo frozen storage time,retrieved oocytes in fresh embryo cycle,frozen thawed embryos in the survival rate,graftage embryonic number,high-quality embryonic rate,endometrium thickness in conversion day (P ＞ 0.05).Estrogen level,luteinizing hormone (LH) levels on endometrium conversion day in GnRH-a down regulation plus artificial cycle group and artificial cycle group were respectively as [(1 439.38 ± 357.43) nmoL/ml vs (1 580.54 ± 479.69) nmol/ml and (2.32 ± 0.94) mIU/ml vs (9.46 ±1.52) mIU/ml],with statistically significant difference (x2 =53.64,P ＜ 0.001;x2 =14.32,P ＜ 0.001).(3) The biochemical pregnancy rates of the patients in the GnRH-a down regulation plus artificial cycle group and artificial cycle group were 72.73％ and 53.23％ respectively,with statistically significant difference (x2 =5.23,P =0.036).The clinical pregnancy rate (65.15％) in GnRH-a down regulation plus artificial cycle group was higher than that of the artificial cycle group (46.77％),with statistically significant difference (x2 =4.39,P =0.022).There was no statistically significant difference in early abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate between the two groups.Conclusions In frozen embryo transplantation cycle,long-term GnRH-a down regulation after artificial cycle scheme is superior to simple artificial cycle scheme with significantly reduced cycle cancellation rate,low estrogen and LH levels in endometrium transformation day and higher biochemical pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy rate.

Study on the Situation and the Users' Demands of Chronic Disease Management Application in Guangzhou / 现代医院

Objective To understand the application status and users' demands of the chronic disease management application in Guangzhou. Methods From June to October 2017, 794 patients with chronic disease (hypertension as an example) and 25 community health workers were investigated and analyzed by questionnaire and personal interview in Guangzhou. Results The utilization rate of hypertension management type APP was 71. 7％ in Guangzhou, and that of community health service staff was 25. 0％. The demand of this kind of APP users lies in perfecting the basic function of chronic disease management, stressing market norms and technological innovation, emphasizing the health education of patients with chronic disease and continuous education of medical staff. Conclusion Currently, the chronic disease management applications can not meet the most practical and urgent needs of its users, so it is necessary to continuously evaluate the market and adjust the development strategy.

Association of plasma level of advanced oxidation protein products with Framingham risk score in type 2 diabetic patients without vascular diseases / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association of plasma level of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) with Framingham risk score in type 2 diabetic patients without vascular diseases.</p><p><b>METHDOS</b>This cross-sectional study was conducted among type 2 diabetic patients without vascular diseases recruited from 3 affiliated hospitals of Southern Medical University between March, 2010 and May, 2011, with age- and gender-matched healthy individuals as the control group. The demographic data were collected from all the participants, and the biochemical indexes and plasma levels of AOPPs were examined. The risk of cardiovascular disease in 10 years was assessed for all the participants based on their Framingham risk scores.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 112 diabetic patients and 49 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The diabetic patients had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), plasma AOPPs and Framingham risk score but lower high-density lipoprotein level than the control subjects. Spearman correlation analysis showed that plasma level of AOPPs was positively correlated with the Framingham risk score (r=-0.44, P<0.001), and further multiple linear regression analysis suggested that plasma AOPPs level was independently correlated with the Framingham risk score (β0.305, P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Type 2 diabetic patients without vascular diseases have significantly higher plasma levels of AOPPs and are at a greater risk of cardiovascular events in 10 years than healthy individuals. Plasma AOPPs are positively correlated with the Framingham risk score, suggesting the value of plasma AOPPs level in predicting the risk of cardiovascular events in these patients.</p>

Protective effect of Longxue Tongluo capsule on oxidized low-density lipoprotein damage to human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 中国中药杂志

To observe the protective effect of Longxue Tongluo capsule (LTC) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EAhy.926 cells) injury induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL, 100 mg·L⁻¹). The effect of the cell viability of LTCin alleviating OX-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury was determined by MTT and LDH assay. The effect of LTC on lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), nitric oxide (NO), super oxide dlsmutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detected by corresponding assay kits according to manufacturer's instruction. The effect of LTC on the protein expressions of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), p65, p-p65, IKB and p-IKB were detected by Western blot. The results showed that compared with the normal control group, the activity of EAhy.926 cells was significantly decreased, LDH leakage (<0.01) increased, NO content and SOD activity significantly decreased (<0.01, <0.05), and the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, p-p65/p65 and p-IKB(<0.05)increased.This study demonstrated that LTC had no significant effect on the growth of normal cells. The treatment with LTC significantly promoted the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells damagedby ox-LDL, decreased MDA content and LDH release, andincreased the activity of SOD and NO content. Meanwhile, ox-LDL significantly increased the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, p-p65/p65, p-IKB/IKB in Eahy.926 cells; these effects were suppressed by LTC at 1, 2 mg·L⁻¹. In conclusion, LTC has a significant protective effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells caused by ox-LDL. This study suggested that LTC has a certain therapeutic effect on AS.

Effect of TRPC6 knock-out on the mouse neuroinflammation induced by MPTP / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To measure the level of microglia TRPC6 in mouse MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced neuroinflammation model and investigate its role in cytokine production and dopaminergic neuron damages. Methods Microglia were sorted by magnetic beads labeled with CD11b antibody and the level of TRPC6 in MPTP-induced neuroinflammation models was measured by western blotting. The proliferation of microglia and damages of dopaminergic neurons induced by MPTP were analyzed by immunofluorescence in CD11b-TRPC6 -/ - mice. Meanwhile, the expression of cryαB and cytokines in microglia was measured by western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. Results The level of microglia TRPC6 in MPTP-induced neuroinflammation model was up-regulated. The expression of cryαB was increased and the cytokine level was down-regulated in the microglia in MPTP-injected CD11b-TRPC6 -/ - mice. Moreover, the dopaminergic neuron survival was improved in the MPTP-induced neuroinflammation model after TRPC6 knock-out in the microglia. Conclusions The expression of TRPC6 in microglia is up-regulated after MPTP injection, while in CD11b-TRPC6 -/ - mice the MPTP-induced cytokine expression is reduced, contributing to the improvement of dopaminergic neuron survival.

Investigation and Analysis of Nosocomial Infection of ICU in a class A tertiary general hospital in ZhuHai during 2013～2014 / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the causes of nosocomial infections in ICU as to provide scientific evidence for the corresponding intervention measures.Methods The retrospective survey was used to investigate and analyze the incidence of nosocomial infections in ICU from 2013 to 2014.Results The total of 1225 patients investigated,182 patients suffered from nosocomial infections and the nosocomial infections rate was 14.86％.The etiology of ICU specimen was 95.22％.Gram negative bacilli,Gram positive bacteria and fungi,which accounted for 69.16％,18.22％ and 12.62％ respectively.The main infection site were respiratory tract,blood and urinary tract,which accounted for 70.43％,11.30％ and 4.78％ respectively.Conclusion The hospital infection rate of ICU in our hospital is kept the same level of the hospital in the same area.Etiology specimens rate comply with national standards.Main pathogens are gram negative bacilli,and the main site of infection is respiratory.

Experimental study on forskolin combined with bortezomib inducing apoptosis in bortezomib-resistant multiple myeloma cells / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:Although bortezomib has become one of the major therapeutic agents against newly diagnosed or relapsed multiple myeloma (MM), there are some patients who become resistant to bor-tezomib and then relapse, emerging as a major obstacle to long-term survival of MM patients. It has been found that elevation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels could induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MM cells,which has become an interesting approach to MM therapy. This study aimed to investigate possible effects of forskolin combined with bortezomib on bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells and further explore its mechanisms. Methods:The bortezomib-resistant MM cell lines H929-R and primary cells from patients who do not respond to bortezomib were used asin vitro models. The inlfuences of bortezomib and/or forskolin on MM cells were evaluated through cellular morphology, changes of cell distribution and apoptotic rate. Meanwhile, lfow cytometry analysis was used to detect mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and the expression levels of apoptosis regulators in these cells before and after the treatment were detected by Western blot.Results:Bortezomib (20 nmol/L) synergized with forskolin (50nmol/L) to induce apoptosis of H929-R cells and bortezomib-resistant primary cells. In addition, borte-zomib synergized with forskolin to induce collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane and facilitate the degradation of anti-apoptosis proteins including Bcl-2 and Mcl-1.Conclusion:Bortezomib could synergize with forskolin to induce apoptosis in bortezomib-resistant MM cells.

Prognostic value of circulating tumor cells and disseminated tumor cells in patients with esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlations of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) with the clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic events, and survival outcomes in esophageal cancer (EC) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase database and Cochrane database were searched for studies reporting the outcomes of interest. The studies were selected according to established inclusion/exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of the studies was performed using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata12.0 software with the odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR) , hazard ratio (HR) , and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) as the effect indexes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nineteen studies involving a total of 1766 patients were included in the analysis. Significant correlations of CTCs and DTCs were found with the clinicopathological parameters including the tumor stage (OR=1.95), depth of invasion (OR=1.99), lymph node metastasis (OR=2.44), distal metastasis (OR=5.98), histological differentiation (OR=1.67) and lymphovascular invasion (OR=4.48). CTCs and DTCs were also correlated with the prognostic events including relapse (RR=6.86) and metastasis (RR=3.22) and with the survival outcomes including the overall survival (OS) overall analysis (HR=3.46) and disease-free survival/progression-free survival (DFS/PFS) overall analysis (HR=3.00).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CTCs and DTCs are significantly associated with an advanced tumor stage, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis before therapy, differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, relapse and metastasis in patients with EC. They are also significantly correlated with a poorer survival for OS and DFS/PFS to serve as clinical and prognostic predictors in patients with EC.</p>

Expression of YY 1 protein in human insulinoma and its clinical implication / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) protein in human insulinoma and explore its clinical significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nineteen pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor tissue were collected from patients treated in Nanfang Hospital between 2000 and 2014. The protein expression of YY1 in benign and malignant insulinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive expression for YY1 protein was detected in both benign and malignant tumor tissues, but the malignant tissues had a significantly greater intensity of YY1 expression than the benign tissues (P=0.042). The intensity of YY1 expression was positively correlated with the nature of the tumor, and the insulinomas with high expressions of YY1 had significantly greater malignant potentials (P=0.037).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The high expression of YY1 protein is associated with the development of insulinima. YY1 may serve as a new tumor marker for detecting the malignant transformation of insulinoma.</p>

Lymphoma and cAMP signaling pathway / 中国癌症杂志

Several signaling pathways are involved in clonal proliferation of lymphoma cells and disease progression. It has been shown that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, as an important intra-cellular messenger delivery system, is related to modulation of multiple physiological processes including cell prolifer-ation, secretion, metabolism and apoptosis. Manipulating the cAMP signaling pathway can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of various malignant lymphoid cells, which involves mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and cAMP-modulated protein kinases as well as changes of intracellular mediators. In-depth research and analysis of cAMP-induced apoptosis in lymphoma cells would provide potential targets and possible therapeutic means for the treatment of lymphoma.

Establishment of Universal Quantitative Models for the Determination of Pefloxacin Mesylate for Injection by Near-infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy / 中国药师

Objective:To develop a method of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy ( NIRS) for the rapid determination of peflox-acin mesylate for injection .Methods:The quantitative models were established by the collection of NIR spectra of pefloxacin mesylate for injection.The spectra were pretreated with the methods of vector normalization , and the spectral ranges of 9 176.2-8 169.5 cm-1 , 6 051.9-5 716.3 cm-1 and 4 509-3 999.9 cm-1 were chosen.The partial least square (PLS) was used as the regression method .Re-sults:The prediction model was established by the internal cross validation ,and the concentration range was 7.55%-77.69%.The root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) was 1.61%, and the correlation coefficient was 0.992 4.Conclusion: The method of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy can be used for the rapid quantitative analysis of pefloxacin mesylate for injection .

Exploration of the Essence of "Endogenous Turbidity" in Chinese Medicine / 中国中西医结合杂志

The essence of endogenous turbidity in Chinese medicine (CM) is different from cream, fat, phlegm, retention, damp, toxicity, and stasis. Along with the development of modern scientific technologies and biology, researches on the essence of endogenous turbidity should keep pace with the time. Its material bases should be defined and new connotation endowed at the microscopic level. The essence of turbidity lies in abnormal functions of zang-fu organs. Sugar, fat, protein, and other nutrient substances cannot be properly decomposed, but into semi-finished products or intermediate metabolites. They are inactive and cannot participate in normal material syntheses and decomposition. They cannot be transformed to energy metabolism, but also cannot be synthesized as executive functioning of active proteins. If they cannot be degraded by autophagy-lysosome or ubiquitin-prosome into glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and other basic nutrients to be used again, they will accumulate inside the human body and become endogenous turbidity. Therefore, endogenous turbidity is different from final metabolites such as urea, carbon dioxide, etc., which can transform vital qi. How to improve the function of zang-fu organs, enhance its degradation by autophagy-lysosome or ubiquitin-prosome is of great significance in normal operating of zang-fu organs and preventing the emergence and progress of related diseases.

A reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay to rapidly diagnose foot-and-mouth disease virus C

A reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed to rapidly detect foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype C (FMDV C). By testing 10-fold serial dilutions of FMDV C samples, sensitivity of the FMDV C RT-LAMP was found to be 10 times higher than that of conventional reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). No cross-reactivity with A, Asia 1, or O FMDV or swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) indicated that FMDV C RT-LAMP may be an exciting novel method for detecting FMDV C.

Clinical and laboratory features of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia in China / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics and survival of Chinese patients with T- cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eleven patients with T-PLL admitted in our hospital from Jan 2006 to Oct 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 11 patients, nine were males and two females, with the median age of 56.0(19-69) years old. All the patients, except for three, presented with leukocytosis. The incidence of hyperleukocytosis (1/11) was less frequent than that in the British series (75%) (P=0.000). Lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood were increased in 9 of the 11 patients with the median absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) of 17.22(0.58-148.83)×10⁹/L. Superficial lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly were the most common physical signs. It was common that serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and beta 2 microglobulin(β2-MG)were higher than normal level. All cases were positive for CD2/CD3/CD5/TCRαβ, negative for CD1a /HLA-DR and TdT, and most of them were strong positive for CD7 expression. By chromosome analyses, most cases. (9/10) have normal chromosome. This rate is significantly higher than that of the British and American series (3% and 25%, respectively) (P=0.000, P=0.001). The 14q11 abnormality and trisomy 8q, which are common among Western cases, were not observed in any of our cases. With a median follow-up of 23.0 months, three patients died. Two year progress free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 53.3% and 50%, respectively. There were 3 patients with PFS over a number of years, whether it should be considered as the T-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL) is worthy of further studies.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The common clinical manifestations of T-PLL patients were increased lymphocyte counts and lymphadenopathy as well as splenomegaly. And most cases have high level of blood LDH and β2- MG and normal chromosome karyotype.</p>