ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study cellular and humoral immune responses to NS1 protein in mice inoculated intramuscularly with recombinant plasmid expressing dengue 2 NS1 gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The eukaryotic expressing plasmid pCNX2-NS1 was injected into tibialis anterior muscle in mice. The mice were subsequently boosted with the same dose and same method twice after the initial inoculation. The mice were killed at four-week intervals and their serum and spleen cells were harvested for further test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Dengue 2 antibodies were detectable in the sera from inoculated animals four weeks after the last boost. The changes of CD4+ T lymphocyte and CD8+ T lymphocyte were also determined by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The recombinant plasmid containing dengue 2 NS1 genes is immunogenic in intramuscularly inoculated mice. The vaccinated mice produced dengue-2 specific and long lasting immunity.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Antibodies, Viral , Blood , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Cell Biology , Allergy and Immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Cell Biology , Allergy and Immunology , Dengue , Blood , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , Dengue Vaccines , Allergy and Immunology , Dengue Virus , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Flow Cytometry , Gene Expression , Immunization , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Plasmids , Genetics , Vaccines, Combined , Allergy and Immunology , Vaccines, DNA , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Viral Nonstructural Proteins , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the etiological significance of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer and the clinical utility of HPV detection in cervical cancer screening.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hybrid capture II test was used to detect 13 high-risk HPV genotypes from cervical scrapes of 2636 women. Cervical cytology was also evaluated in 454 of them by ThinPrep Pap smear.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 2636 women, 699 (26.5%) were found to be high-risk HPV positive. The highest infection rate (59.4%) was found in the age group of < or = 20 years and the lowest infection rate in the age group of 41 approximately 50 years (21.0%). Significant differences in HPV infection rate were found between different cities in Guangdong province, such as those between Xinhui and Guangzhou, Xinhui and Shenzhen, Xinhui and Dongguan (P < 0.01). Fifteen out of 16 women (93.8%) with cervical carcinoma were infected with high-risk HPV versus 24 out of 125 women (19.2%) attending routine cervical cancer screening (P < 0.001). The HPV infection rate was 30.8% (142 out of 461) in women with cervical erosion, which was significantly lower than that in patients with cervical carcinoma (P < 0.001). HPV DNA were detected in 100% (2/2) of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 100% (12/12) high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 88.9% (16/18) of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and 37.8% (28/74) of atypical squamous cells (ASC).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High-risk HPV genotypes are the major causes of cervical cancers and HPV detection is a reliable adjuvant tool for cervical cancer screening.</p>