ABSTRACT
The finite element method(FEM)is a widely employed mathematical technique in mechanical research that divides an object into discrete and interacting finite elements. Medically, finite element analysis(FEA)enables the simulation of biomechanical experiments that are challenging to conduct. Orbital surgery poses significant challenges to ophthalmologists due to its inherent difficulty and steep learning curve. FEM enables the simulation and analysis of the mechanical properties of orbital tissue, offering a novel approach for diagnosing and treating orbital-related diseases. With technological advancements, FEM has significantly matured in the diagnosis and treatment of orbital diseases, becoming a popular area of research in orbital biomechanics. This paper reviewed the latest advancements in orbital FEM, encompassing the development of orbital FEA models, simulation of orbital structure, and its application in orbital-related diseases. Additionally, the limitations of FEM and future research directions are also discussed. As a digital tool for auxiliary diagnosis and treatment, orbital FEA will progressively unlock its potential for diagnosing and treating orbital diseases alongside technological advancements.
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Objective:To systematically analyze the efficacy of nasal endoscopic transsphenoidal decompression and glucocorticoid pulse therapy for traumatic optic neuropathy (TON).Methods:PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrial.gov, CNKI, Wanfang, China Biomedical and other databases were searched to retrieve clinical studies on endoscopic surgery and hormone therapy for TON since their establishment to November 1, 2020.Two researchers screened the literature and evaluated the quality of the included literatures.The improvement of visual acuity before and after treatment was taken as an effective indicator.RevMan 5.3 statistical software was used for meta-analysis.The sensitivity of the results was analyzed atfer literature exclusion.The publication bias of each study was double checked by funnel plot and Begg test.Results:Eight studies were included, including 7 cohort studies and 1 randomized controlled trial.There was no significant difference between the endoscopic decompression group and glucocorticoid group in the efficiency of visual acuity improvement in the treatment of TON [odds ratio ( OR)=1.65, 95% confidence interval ( CI)∶0.75-3.66, P=0.22], neither in TON patients with residual vision before surgery ( OR=2.17, 95% CI: 0.94-4.98, P=0.07). For nasal endoscopic decompression surgery, early surgery (disease course<7 days) was more effective than late surgery (disease course>7 days) ( OR=4.73, 95% CI: 2.55-8.78, P<0.01). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of this literature analysis were not robust.The Begg test showed that there was no literature publication bias. Conclusions:There is no significant difference between nasal endoscopic surgery and glucocorticoid therapy in the treatment of TON.Early endoscopic surgery may help improve visual acuity in patients with residual vision.
ABSTRACT
Traumatic optic neuropathy and glaucoma can cause optic nerve degenerative changes leading to a significant decline in vision, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients.In recent years, research on mammalian optic nerve injury models has found that optic nerve injury involves pathophysiological processes such as apoptosis, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress.Researchers have explored the relevant mechanisms and regulatory signaling pathways of optic nerve injury, and have conducted research on the protection of optic nerve injury in the fight against retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis, new drug therapy, gene therapy, stem cell transplantation and natural extracts.Studies have shown that glucose regulatory protein 75, a member of the heat shock protein 70 family, and melatonin naturally secreted in the human retina may play an important role in the regulation of RGC apoptosis.Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) may play a protective role in RGC by directly activating the intrinsic G-CSF receptor and downstream signaling pathway.Targeting gene therapy is expected to become a powerful therapy for repair and regeneration of injured optic nerve.Adipose stem cell transplantation can resist the apoptosis of retinal cells in rat model.In addition, lycium barbarum polysaccharide can delay the secondary degeneration of axons, which may be a promising natural extract to delay the secondary degeneration of optic nerve injury.This article summarized the mechanism, regulation and protection of optic nerve injury.
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Objective:To observe the compatibility of Xiaoaiping injection and insulin for injection in glucose infusion. Methods:The changes in appearance, particles and pH of the mixture in 24h at ambient temperature were observed. The concentration of chloro-genic acid and insulin were determined by HPLC. Results:There were no obvious changes in appearance, pH, precipitation or turbidi-ty generation, and the contents of insulin and chlorogenic acid kept stable in 12 h. The number of insoluble particles was stable in 12 h, and then gradually increased in 24 h. Conclusion:Xiaoaiping injection and insulin in 5％ glucose infusion is stable in 12h under the testing conditions.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of Modified xiaohuang paste in the treatment of paralytic ileus after thoraeolumbar fractures.METHODS:One hundred and thirty-eight patients with paralytic ileus after thoracolumbar fractures were divided into control group (group A,43 cases),Xiaohuang paste group (group B,47 cases) and Modified xiaohuang paste group (group C,48 cases).Group A was given routine treatment as fasting,gastrointestinal decompression,fluid replacement,nutritional support;group B was additionally given Xiaohuang paste on the basis of group A;group C was additionally given Modified xiaohuang paste on the basis of group A.Group B and C were given relevant paste every 12 h until intestinal peristalsis was recovered and gas exhausted from anus,at the most for 5 days.The improvement time of clinical symptom improvement,VAS score and CRP level were compared among 3 groups as well as the occurrence of ADR.RESULTS:After treatment,the time of gastrointestinal decompression,bowel sound recovery and passage of gas by anus in group B and C were significantly shorter than group A,and group C was significantly shorter than group B,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in VAS score and CRP level among 3 groups (P＞0.05).After treatment,VAS score of abdominal pain and distension,CRP level of 3 groups were decreased significantly compared to before treatment;those of group C were significantly lower than group A and B,and CRP level of group B was significantly lower than that of group A,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in VAS score between group A and B (P＞0.05).No significant ADR was found in 3 groups.CONCLUSIONS:For paralytic ileus after thoracolumbar fracture,Modified xiaohuang paste can significantly shorten treatment duration,relieve abdominal distension and pain,inflammation with good safety.