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AIM To speculate the hypoglycemic mechanism for rats with type 2 diabetes by exploring the therapeutic effects of leaf aqueous extract from Cyclocarya paliurus on liver insulin receptor (InsR) and insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2).METHODS The diabetic rat model was established through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and fed with high-fat diet.The moleled rats were equally assigned into the control group and leaf aqueous extract from Cyclocarya paliurus group (extract group).After the test extract was orally administrated for four weeks,body weight,urine output,food intake,water intake and fasting blood-glucose (FBG) were measured,and the levels of serum insulin,InsR and IRS-2 mRNA in liver tissue were investigated in rats.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the extract group showed a reduction in urine output,food intake,water intake,FBG and insulin levels.Meanwhile,the rats' body weights in extract group were presented a trend to increase.The gene expressions of InsR and IRS-2 in liver tissue were up-regulated.Moreover,the insulin sensitivity was improved.CONCLUSION The leaf aqueous extract from Cyclocarya paliurus can reduce FBS,improve insulin sensitivity,which may be associated with the increase of InsR and IRS-2 gene expression in liver tissue.
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Objective To establish a rapid and accurate method, and to determine the density of mice and rats sperm with enzyme-labeled instrument.Methods ①The optimal wavelengths and the regression equation set up: After six Kunming mice and six Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed, the left epididymis was separated and fully cut up in phosphate buffer saline.With water bath, the sperm were fully dissociated.Using the enzyme-labeled instrument to detect the wavelength absorbance respectively under different wavelength and fitting absorbance curve.The best wavelength will be the most close to 1 of the correlation coefficient ( R2 ) and the standard deviation of minimum.After ten Kunming mice and ten Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed,the sperm suspension of different concentration gradient were got.The regression equation of the sperm density and absorbance was established by using enzyme-labeled instrument and haemocytometer.②The test of sperm absorbance stability: Mice and rats,six respectively,were used to make the sperm suspension.Samples were put in room temperature (25℃) or 37℃water bath continued,and after water bath about 0,20,30,40,50, 60 min,the change of absorbance was recorded.③The regression equation verification:The mice were administrated orally with 20% ethanol solution for 30 days to make oligospermia.In order to verify the new method, two different method were used to get the sample sperm.Results The optimal absorbancy-sperm density curve could be established at 380 nm.The means of KM mice sperm count ( x1 ) and absorbance ( y1 ) are showed to be the linear function,and the linear regression equation is y1 =2 ×10 -9 x1 +0.0648, R2 =0.9743.The means of SD rat sperm count ( x2 ) and absorbance (y2) are showed to be the linear function,and the linear regression equation is y2 =5 ×10 -9x2 +0.0621,R2 =0.9940.SD rat sperm suspension liquid after 60 min in water bath, absorbance value at 0 min significantly decreased(P<0.05), but at room temperature after 40 min significantly increased ( P<0.05); KM mice sperm suspension in the water bath and under the condition of normal temperature after 50 min, compared with the 0 min, absorbance value increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with control group, sperm density of ethanol oligozoospermia group by enzyme standard detector and standard curve calculation were significantly decreased ( P <0.05 );compared with absorbancy-sperm density equation, determination of ethanol oligozoospermia group of sperm density by cell counting plate method had not significant difference.The results suggested absorbancy-sperm density equation could effectively detect the reduction of the mice sperm in oligospermia.Conclusion Using enzyme-labeled instrument to set up the curve of absorbancy-sperm density equation can estimate the sperm density of mice and rats rapidly and exactly.
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Objective To evaluate the safety and effect of the use of micro coils in endovascular embolization of anterior communicating artery aneurysms. Methods The clinical data of 27 consecutive patients with anterior communicating artery aneurysm, who were admitted to Yancheng Municipal Third People’s Hospital to receive endovascular embolization treatment with micro coils, were retrospectively analyzed. One patient had multiple anterior communicating artery aneurysms. The efficacy and safety of endovascular micro-coil embolization of anterior communicating artery aneurysm were evaluated by the occlusion rate of aneurysm, the prognosis of the patients, the complications, the neurological function, etc. Results Successful embolization treatment of anterior communicating artery aneurysm was achieved in all 27 patients. Dual catheter technique was employed in 3 patients, stent-assisted technique was used in 3 patients, and the technical success rate was 100%. Dense embolization was obtained in 21 patients, and residual aneurysm neck was observed in 6 patients. The unobstructed parent artery was reserved in all patients, no hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm or dropping of steel coil was found. One patient developed recurrent hemorrhage and died two days later. Mild recurrence was seen in one patient six months after the treatment. The modified Rankin scal (mRS) score showed that 0-1 point was seen in 24 patients, 2 points in one patient, and 4 point in one patient. Conclusion The anterior communicating artery aneurysm can be safely and effectively cured when appropriate endovascular embolization technique is used.
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Objective To study the effect of Eclipta alba on learning and memory ability and brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats.Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,low dosage group and high dosage group.There were 10 rats in each group.The model of Alzheimer's disease was established with subcutaneous injection of D-galactose and microinjection Aβ25-35 on bilateral hippocampus.All rats were treated with saline solution or different dosage of Eclipta alba respectively lasting 8 weeks.Then the ability of learning and memory of AD rats was evaluated by the Morris water maze test.The levels of expression of BDNF in brain were determined by immunohistochemical staining method and Western Blot method.Results The Morris water maze test:the average escape latent period prolonged besides the percentage of the swimming time in the target quadrant from the total swimming time and the times across the platform((34.14± 1.43) s,(33.71±3.82) ％,(3.40±0.70) times) decreased significantly in model group compared with control group((18.83±0.62) s,(41.98±3.96) ％,(5.40± 1.17) times,P＜0.01).The average escape latent period shortened besides the percentage of the swimming time in the target quadrant from the total swimming time and the times across the platform increased significantly in high dosage group compared with the model group (P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot:the level of expression of BDNF in brain in model group was prominently less than control group (P＜ 0.01).The BDNF level in drug treated groups was prominently higher than model group(P＜0.01).The expression of BDNF increased with the drug dosage increasing.Conclusion Eclipta alba can improve the learning and memory function of AD rats by enhance the expression of BDNF.