ABSTRACT
Primary renal sarcomas are very rare. We report a case of renal leiomyosarcoma with 36 months follow-up. Neither ultrasonography, computed tomography nor magnetic resonance imaging are able to differentiate between leiomyosarcoma and renal cell carcinoma. Radical nephrectomy and adrenalectomy was curative. Diagnosis was established on histology and immunohistochemistry. There were no metastases. Histology and later on immunohistochemistry is the only mean by which these tumours can be diagnosed. After a period of 36 months, patient is alive and well
ABSTRACT
To report the pain experienced by the patient during the endodontic procedure and correlate this-with age and gender of the patient, tooth type, arch, pulpal diagnosis and stage of endodontic procedure. Eighty five patients with ages ranging between 8- 60 years who reported to the Islamic International Dental College for endodontic treatment were consecutively selected. A 10-point visual analogue scale [VAS] was used to rate the level of pain suffered during the treatment session. The mean pain score was 1.75 for all patients with a mean of 1.33 for men and a mean of 2.38 for women. 50.5% of patients reported no pain; severe pain occurred in only 6[7.1%] of patients. No significant correlation was found for age but the pain experience of patients aged 50 and above was less. Obturation procedures were the least painful with access cavity preparations resulting in the greatest number of patients experiencing severe pain. Pain experienced during endodontic procedures is greater during access cavity preparation [51.7%] and canal preparation [64%]. Sever pain was more reported for female patients, posterior teeth and teeth with pulpitis