Depression and anxiety in patients undergoing hysterectomy

The present research evaluated depression and anxiety in patients undergoing hysterectomy during their pre-surgical and post surgical phases. A Pre-Post Research Design was used. This study has carried out at Department of Gynaecology Lady Wellington Hospital Lahore Pakistan Sample consisted of 50 hysterectomy patients, selected from the Gynaecology Department of Lady Wellington Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan. Each subject was individually administered Depression Scale and Anxiety Check-List twice; that is: 1-7 days before and 1-7 days after surgery. All the hysterectomy patients seemed to experience more depression [t=-2.55;df=48;*p<0.05] and anxiety [t= -5.74;df=48;*p<0.05] during their post-surgical phase as compared to their pre-surgical phase, probably due to the psychosocial and cultural misconceptions and biased attitudes attached to "loss of uterus" in Pakistani society where a woman's status and role primarily revolves around her reproductive capacity. Women undergoing hysterectomy experience more depression and anxiety in post-surgical phase probably due to the psychosocial and cultural misconceptions and biased attitudes attached to "loss of uterus" in Pakistani society where a woman's status and role primarily revolves around her reproductive capacity

Rorschach indicators of schizophrenia measured by Exner's schizophrenia index [SCZI]

This research investigated the Rorschach Indicators of Schizophrenia as measured by Exner's Schizophrenia Index [SCZI]. Eighty adult psychiatric patients [40 schizophrenics and 40 non-schizophrenics] were selected from six different Psychiatric Hospitals of the state of New Jersey, U.S.A. A dual diagnostic procedure was used to ensure the accuracy of the diagnostic classifications of the subjects. This involved cross validations by independent senior clinical psychologist and/or Principal Clinical Psychologist who used observation and unstructured interview following DSM-III-R criteria [1988]. Each subject was administered Rorschach Inkblot Test individually by doctoral level psychology interns who were blind to the diagnosis of the subjects. 30% of the total Rorschach protocols were checked for coding and scoring by an independent Principal Clinical Psychologist and the principal researcher of this study who were skilful in Exner's comprehensive scoring system. ANOVA yielded a significant F ratio: F [1.78] = 42.36, [P<.01]. The schizophrenic group's mean score [X=4.33] was significantly higher than the mean score of non-schizophrenics [X=2.28]. Discriminant analysis yielded the highest prediction accuracy [83% of the grouped cases were accurately diagnosed] when ALOG, FABCOM, DV, SCZI, X-percent, F, FQ, D, COL-Sh Blend, Fr + rF and L variables of Exner's comprehensive scoring system were included in the analysis

Birth order, sex and temperament

The paper attempts to determine temperamental differences as a function of birth order and sex, Statistical analysis based on a small sample of post graduate students revealed significant differences between males and females of identical ordinal positions in matters of tough-mindedness [p <-01], acceptance [p <.OI], activity [p <.05] and responsibility [p <.01]. As such, it may be concluded that temperament of an individual depends both on his ordinal position and his sex

Male-female differences in anxiety

In an attempt to determine sex difftrerces in anxiety, IPAT Anxiety Scale was administered to a raodom sample of fifty post graduate male students and fifty female students, and it was found that they significantly differed between themselves. Moreover, majority of the female students were more anxiety redden than male students