Nasal endoscopy in the management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Probing is a reliable surgical intervention for the management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction [CNLDO]. However, it is a blind procedure that carries the risk of false passage formation. Moreover, its success rate is variable, with unexplained causes of failure. Recent literature suggests the use of nasal endoscopic-assisted probing to minimize nasal mucosal trauma, decreases the chance of creating a false passage and provides the optimum management option of different congenital variants of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Nasal endoscopic-assisted probing has more or less consistent success rates varied between 85% and 98% compared with probing success rates, which vary between 55% and 95% despite having almost the same age range

Risk factors for developing congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

To identify potential risk factors for developing congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction [CNLDO]. A cross-sectional study. A quantitative questionnaire was distributed to a sample of mothers attending the Pediatrics Clinic at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 756 mothers responded to our questionnaire. Of the 756 filled questionnaires, 389 [51.67%] were male children. 5.3% of the mothers lived in non-urban settings. CNLDO was reported in the children attending the clinic by 17.1% [129/756] of their mothers. Average age [ +/- SD] of infants when persistent tearing was noticed was 3.2 +/- 2.7 months, while average age [ +/- SD] of resolution was 9.6 +/- 3.7 months. Of the children with CNLDO, 37.2% [48/129] still have persistent tearing at the time of distributing the questionnaire. Among the group with CNLDO, 17% [22/129] of their mothers have experienced an infection during pregnancy [p = 0.022]. Within the same group, 14.7% [19/129] of the affected children were reported by their mothers to have other children with CNLDO which was statistically significant [p = <0.001]. CNLDO could have a genetic predisposition and maternal infection is a possible risk factor for developing CNLDO. Surgical management awareness should be emphasized to relieve children from this relatively common and benign condition

Eyelid angiokeratoma

Angiokeratoma is a rare, usually acquired muco-cutaneous wart-like vascular lesion that is frequently reported in the scrotum. Bleeding may occur if angiokeratoma is excoriated or traumatized. We report an exceedingly rare solitary eyelid angiokeratoma in an otherwise normal middle aged male. Our case represents the second case in the English peer reviewed literature since 1966, when the first case of eyelid angiokeratoma was reported

Bilateral subepidermal calcified nodules of the eyelid

A subepidermal calcified nodule [SCN] is an uncommon benign lesion, which usually develops in early childhood and is typically solitary. A rare form of this lesion has been reported in the eyelid. We report here a case of a 12-year-old girl with bilateral nodules of the right upper eyelid and a left lower eyelid simulating epidermal cyst. The histopathologic examination of the excised nodule confirmed the diagnosis. To our knowledge, this may be the first bilateral case of eyelid SCN reported in the literature

Hemangioendothelioma of the eyelid can mimic chalazion

Hemangioendothelioma is an uncommon vascular lesion that usually occurs in the liver, bone, lung, skin, and other organs with unknown etiology. A rare form of this lesion has been reported in the eyelid. We report the case of a 27-year-old female with right lower eyelid mass simulating chalazion of 3 weeks duration. The histopathologic examination of the excised nodule confirmed the diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of eyelid epithelioid hemangioendothelioma reported in the English literature