A Review of Recent Phytomedicinal Investigations and the Need for DNA Barcoding of Endemic Plants of Northern Cyprus

Aims: To review the phytomedicinal researches on endemic plants of Northern Cyprus and to assess the plants of their DNA barcoding status.Study Design:A review.Methodology:This work reviewed available and accessible original articles in EBSCO, Ovid MEDLINE®, PubMed®, ScienceDirectTM, Scopus®and Web of ScienceTMdatabases on phytomedicinal investigations and BOLD System, MMDBD version 1.5 and GenBank®on DNA barcodes of the endemic plants of Northern Cyprusuntil May, 2020. Using keywords searches related to phytochemistry, biological activity and DNA barcoding, DNA Sequences and the data obtain evaluated and the information that does not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. We believe that this information would tentatively help researchers to ethically explore these plants for their Medicinal and Aromatic potentials.Results:Only 6 of the 20 endemic plants of Northern Cyprus were phytopharmaceutically investigated,while DNA sequences of 5 were foundto be deposited in the publicly accessible databases accounting for30% and 25% of the total plants respectively Conclusion:Endemism is related to uniqueness in features including the phytomedicinal features, thus Northern Cyprus endemic plants holdample of such. However the results of this review showed that only few were harnessed for their medicinal properties and hence the need for their pharmacological properties and comprehensive barcoding for proper authentication, detection of adulteration, and quality control.

Antimicrobial Effect of Essential Oil of Thymus capitatus from Northern Cyprus and Its Gargle Preformulation

Aims:Theaim of this study is to prepare herbal gargle preformulations making use of essential oil of aerial parts of Thymus capitatusgrowing wild in Northern Cyprus and comparing antimicrobial efficacy between these formulationswith pure essential oil.Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, TRNC and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey, between January 2017 and June 2017.Methodology: Preformulations with three different concentrations of Thymus capitatusessential oil were prepared by using simple preparation method.Preformulation studies were done in lab with less than 500ml. There is not specific process parameters. Manufacturing process and process parameters will be clarified with further studies.These compositions and the essential oil were tested in-vitrofor antimicrobial activity studies by using broth microdilution method. Staphylococcus aureusATCC 43300, Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidisATCC 12228, Bacillus subtilisATCC 6633, Escherichia coliATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalisATCC 29212, KlebsiellapneumoniaeRSKK 574, Salmonella paratyphiC, Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 9027, Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853 as bacteria and Candida albicansATCC 10231, Candida parapsilosisATCC 22019 as yeasts were used for antimicrobial activity tests. Results: All trialswere found to be more effective than EO, and a significant effect was observed when compared to the values of standard antimicrobial agents.Conclusion:TheThymus capitatusgrowing in Northern Cyprus could be used as a herbal raw material, essential oil source in developing herbal gargle preformulationsto reduce fungal and bacterialinfections in mouth