Analysis of the two-child policy's impact on the fertility level of the residents in Yangpu District, Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To explore the impact of the two-child policy on the fertility level of residents in Yangpu District. Methods Birth registry data were collected from the residents of Yangpu District in Shanghai during January 2015 to December 2018 for the analysis of birth characteristics and its variation after the two-child policy implementation. Results The total fertility rate was higher than 1 only in 2016 that was 1.04, whereas it was about 0.8 in other three years. The number of the second child increased which was inspired by the policy. However, the increment in the number of second child was far less than the decrease in the first child. From 2015 through 2018, the proportion of second children in the total births with local household registration accounted for 18.84%, 20.03%, 26.29% and 24.35%, respectively. From January 2015 to August 2016, the proportion of second children was on the rise slowly, in which the annual percent change(APC)value was 0.34%(P > 0.05). From September 2016 to May 2017, the proportion of second children had shown an obvious increase, and the APC value was 3.97%(P < 0.05). From June 2017 to December 2018, the proportion of second children was on a downward trend, in which the APC value was -0.97%(P < 0.05). Conclusion Favorable fertility policy may not reverse the fertility level in Yangpu District, which remains at a very low level.

Chemical constituents of Illicium burmanicum / 中国中药杂志

Chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract of Illicium burmanicum were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods,including Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, C18 reverse-phased silica gel, Preparative TLC and Preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis including NMR and MS data. Fourteen compounds were separated from I. burmanicum and their structures were identified as 7S,8R-erythro-4,7,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan (1), 7R,8R-threo-4,7, 9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3,3 '-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan(2) ,polystachyol(3), (-) -massoniresinol(4), angustanoic acid F (5), trans-sobrerol(6), (3S,6R) -6,7-dihydroxy-6,7-dihydrolinalool (7), (3S, 6S) -6,7-dihydroxy-6,7-dihydrolinalool (8), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-allyl-phenol (9), 3,5-dihydroxy4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (10), 3-hydroxy4-methoxybenzaldehyde (11), methyl vanillate (12), shikimic acid ethylester (13) and beta-sitosrerol (14). Except compound 14, the rest thirteen compounds were separated from this plant for the first time.

Study on the plasma protein binding rate of Schisandra lignans based on the LC-IT-TOF/MS technique with relative quantitative analysis / 中国天然药物

The main objective of the current study was to develop a universal method for a protein binding assay of complicated herbal components, and to investigate the possible relationship between compound polarity and protein binding using Schisadra lignans as an example. Firstly, the rat, dog and human plasma were spiked with three different concentrations of Schisandra chinensis extract (SLE), and ultramicrofiltration was used to obtain the unbound ingredients. Secondly, thirty-one Schisandra lignans in total plasma and ultrafiltered fluid were measured by LC-IT-TOFMS. Lastly, a relative exposure approach, which entailed calculating the relative concentrations of each Schisandra lignan from the corresponding calibration equation created from the calibration samples spiked with the stock solution of SLE, was applied in order to overcome the absence of authentic standards. The results showed that Schisandra lignans exhibited a high capability to bind with plasma protein, furthermore, the protein binding ratio of the lignan components increased proportionally with their individual chromatographic retention time, which indicated that the ratio of protein binding of lignans might increase accordingly with decreasing polarity. This study suggested that the compound polarity might be an important factor affecting the plasma protein binding of herbal components.

Fractional anisotropy for assessment of white matter tracts injury in methylmalonic acidemia / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a multifactorial autosomal recessive inborn error of organic acid metabolism, often presenting with neurological symptoms. As neurological disorders are often related to white matter injury, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an excellent tool for assessment of white matter injury and possibly for diagnosing this disorder.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed DTI images of 12 patients with MMA (7 males, 5 females, age range: 7 - 12 months, mean age: 9.25 +/- 1.70 months) with negative MRI findings. And another 12 age-matched and gender-matched infants were enrolled as control subjects. Fractional anisotropy (FA) of different white matter tracts of the brain was measured in both groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For patients with negative MRI findings, compared with healthy infants, a statistically significant reduction in DTI FA value of the frontal white matter, temporal white matter, and occipital white matter was observed (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In addition to conventional T1W and T2W MR Image, Brain DTI presents a useful, sensitive and complementary tool for the assessment of brain damage in patients with MMA.</p>

Formation and aggregation behavior of polyethyleneimine-DNA complexes / 药学学报

In vitro gene delivery, polyethyleneimine (PEI) has been described as one of the most efficient nonviral vector. Herein the formation mechanism of PEI/DNA complexes is elucidated. The transition phase of "bead-on-string" structure in the formation of complexes was supposed to exist through spectroscopy, electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technology. The construction of PEI/DNA complexes is related closely to the characteristics of PEI and DNA plasmid. As well as the dominant electrostatic effects, the nonelectrostatic interactions were thought to be partially responsible for the presence of PEI/DNA complexes even in the high ionic strength. The surface charge of complexes particles increased with the N/P ratio, but the absolute value of zeta potential was lower at the N/P ratio of 8 and 12, perhaps attributed to the use of larger DNA plasmid. As a result, the repulsion between particles was decreased and prone to aggregate to the structure like a clustered grape-string in the solution. Interestingly, contrast to the formation behavior of complexes, the PEI/DNA complexes aggregated primarily due to hydrophobic interactions while electrostatic attractions play a little role in the complexes particles aggregation in different concentrations of salt solutions. Comparable transfection efficiency in HepG2 cells was observed for the Lipofectamine 2000 and PEI/DNA complexes at the N/P ratio of 12, and showed that larger or aggregable complexes could transfect the cells in some different mechanisms.

Less invasive fixation for the treatment of comminuted fracture of distal tibia / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the result of less invasive fixation in treating comminuted fracture of distal tibia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2002 to 2008, 48 patients with comminuted fracture of distal tibia were treated with surgery. The closed reduction and less invasive fixation were done to stable broken fibula, and the reduction by Kirschner wire to pick was used for relatively larger debris of tibia. The Kirschner wire or screw were used to fix fracture after the restore of the ankle cavity position and the alignment of the tibia. Partial weight loading and functional exercise of ankle joint were done at 6th week after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-eight patients were followed up for 1-24 months with an average of 12 months. All the fractures were united. According to Johner-Wruhs standard to value the result by factors of pain, deformity, motion range of joint,with or without injury of nerve and blood vessel. Thirty-eight cases obtained excellent result, 8 good, fair 2. The rate of excellent and good were 95.8%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Less invasive fixation has ascendancy such as easy operation, less injury of soft tissue, reliable fixation, which can maximally protect periosteum. It is a choice for treating comminuted fracture of distal tibia.</p>

Treatment of thoracic vertebrae tumor with posterior total vertebral resection and internal fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical outcome of posterior total vertebral resection in treating thoracic vertebrae tumor in order to provide a safe and effective method in rebuilding spine stability.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2002.1 to 2007.12, 18 patients with thoracic spine tumor underwent posterior total vertebral resection and internal fixation. Among the patients, 10 patients were male and 8 patients were female, ranging in age from 45 to 78 years, with an average of 56 years. The course of the diseases ranged from 2 to 13 months. After the operation, the tumor reccurence was monitored by X-ray, and the tumor markers were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up for a period ranging from 12 to 60 months, averaged 29 months. All the patients showed a postoperative neurologic improvement, as well as showed radiographic evidence of solid fusion in the follow-up examinations during 3 to 9 months, with an average of (8 +/- 1.4) months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Posterior total vertebral resection for the treatment of thoracic spine tumor is safe and effective.</p>

Rehabilitation for Adult Cervical Spinal Cord Injury without Radiological Abnormality: 80 Cases Report / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the effects of rehabilitation for adult cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality. Methods 80 patients were studied retrospectively. Results The increase of motor score of anterior, posterior and conservative group were around 5, 2 and 2, whereas that of FIM were 11, 17 and 15, respectively. The changes of sensory score were uncertain.Conclusion The effect of surgical or conservative treatment is limited on neurological recovery, while rehabilitation can bring more functional independence to patients with cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality.

Treatment and rehabilitation of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation / 中国康复理论与实践

@# ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of both conservative and surgical treatment on cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation.MethodsResultsAll patients had some recovery after both surgical and conservative treatment(P<0.05),but the patients after surgical treatment had a better outcome than those after conservative treatment(P<0.01).ConclusionThe effect of early surgical treatment on cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation is superior to conservative.

Death causes of patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo analysis the death causes of patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury(ATSCI) during the initial four months, and determine the clinical predictors of mortality. MethodsMultiple factors that could contribute to mortality were evaluated in the retrospective study. Results3.3% of ATSCI patients died during the initial four months. The death causes were multiple factors inculding arrest of heart and respiration resulting from excessive stimulus to trachea and bronchus, interventions of surgical procedures, pneumonia, multiple organ failure, jam of sputum, and inhalation of food, etc. ConclusionsThe leading causes were the arrest of heart and respiration resulting from excessive stimulus to trachea and bronchus, interventions of surgical procedures and pneumonia. The predictors of mortality include nurological level at C5 and above, motor index of upper extremities less than 6, copious sputum, disability of cough, low blood oxygen pressure especially with progressive decrease, and neurological deterioration, etc.