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Scaffold-free tissue engineered cell sheet is an emerging technology in biomedical field. It can avoid the adverse effects of scaffold materials, and can be further assembled to form more complex three-dimensional functional tissues. The construction of cell sheet is mainly based on the culture substrate composed of sensitive materials. By changing the stimulation factors such as temperature, enzyme, light, ion, redox, pH and sugar, the adhesion behavior of the substrate to the cells could be changed to make the cells detach naturally, thus generating the cell sheet. Recent years have seen the development of various simple and efficient construction technologies of cell sheet due to the development of a variety of novel sensitive culture substrates. The resulted cell sheets with excellent performance have greatly expanded their applications. This review summarized the construction methods of tissue engineered cell sheet and discussed the challenges and future perspectives in this field.
Subject(s)
Temperature , Tissue Engineering , Tissue ScaffoldsABSTRACT
Objective@#Antimony (Sb) has recently been identified as a novel nerve poison, although the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its neurotoxicity remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the effects of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway on antimony-induced astrocyte activation.@*Methods@#Protein expression levels were detected by Western blotting. Immunofluorescence, cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions separation were used to assess the distribution of p65. The expression of protein in brain tissue sections was detected by immunohistochemistry. The levels of mRNAs were detected by Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).@*Results@#Antimony exposure triggered astrocyte proliferation and increased the expression of two critical protein markers of reactive astrogliosis, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), indicating that antimony induced astrocyte activation @*Conclusion@#Antimony activated astrocytes by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Antimony/toxicity , Astrocytes/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism , MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases , Mice, Inbred ICR , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effectsABSTRACT
To investigate the normal structures of parotid duct by using magnetic resonance(MR)hydrography. MR three-dimensional heavy T2-weighted imaging was performed in 21 normal subjects.After taking 200 mg of vitamin C orally for 3 minutes,the subjects underwent parotid duct coronal hydro-magnetic resonance imaging.The images were transferred to the GE AW4.5 workstation,on which multi-planner reformation was performed using Functool software.The numbers of the parotid duct,accessory parotid duct,segments,and its branches was counted and the length and diameter of the intra-and extra-parotid ducts were measured. Accessory ducts were found in 24 parotid glands(57.1%,24/42),with the average length being(9.54±9.98)mm and the average diameter being(0.87±0.88)mm.The intra-parotid ducts were found to be with 3 segments were in 3 cases(7.14%,3/42),with 2 segments in 19 cases(45.23%,19/42),and with 1 segment in 20 cases(47.62%,20/42).The average number of the branches of the first,second and third segment was 2.38,0.88,and 0.1,respectively.The average length of the intra-parotid duct was(36.97±7.97)mm,with its average diameter being(2.01±0.76)mm.The average length of extra-parotid duct was(34.98±10.25)mm,with its average diameter being(2.13±0.79)mm.The average length of the whole parotid duct was(71.95±11.47)mm,with its average diameter being(2.07±0.68)mm. The parotid duct,the accessory parotid duct,and the segments and their branches of the intra-parotid duct can be accurately displayed by MR hydrography.
Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Parotid GlandABSTRACT
Objective · To identify broad-spectrum bacteriophages against extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia and analyze their characteristics by biological and genomic methods. Methods · Multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia strains collected from a hospital were used as host bacteria to isolate and purify broad-spectrum phages in the wastewater at the same hospital area. The size and shape of phages were observed by transmission electron microscope. Titer, host range, pH stability and thermal stability were measured. Moreover, the DNA extracted from the phage SH-Kp152234 was sequenced and analyzed. Results · One strain of bacteriophage against Klebsiella pneumonia was isolated and named as SH-Kp152234. The electron microscope revealed it belongs to Podoviridae family. Moreover, genome of SH-Kp152234 showed to be a linear double-stranded DNA of 40578 bp with the GC content of 52.85%. It was predicted to have 49 open reading frames with related known functions.Conclusion · SH-Kp152234, with a broad host range and a short latent period, which could exert its activity in a wide range of temperature and pH, is a promising candidate to be exploited in the treatment of multiple drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia.
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Objective To investigate the relationship of-174G ＞ C polymorphism of interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene promoter region upstream-with coronary heart disease (CHD) of Chinese Han population in Nanjing area.Methods The polymorphism of IL-6-174G ＞C gene was confirmed in 235 patients with CHD and 175 healthy individuals by PCR-RFLP,and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested.DNA samples were selected for sequencing to verify their genotype.The concentration of blood sugar,lipid,C reaction protein (CRP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) in the samples were measured simultaneously.Results The genotype distributions of GG,GC and CC were 98.7％,1.3％ and 0 in CHD group and 97.7％,2.3％ and 0 in control group,respectively.The frequencies of G and C alleles were 99.4％,0.6％ and 98.9％,1.1％ in the two groups.There were no statistical significance for frequencies of genotype and alleles between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the differences of smoking,systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastohc blood pressure (DBP),triglyceride (TG),cholesterol (CHOL),low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C),high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C),apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I),ApoB,CRP and HbA1 c were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05),while age,sex and blood glucose were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion IL-6-174 G ＞ C gene polymorphism should not remarkably correlated with CHD in Chinese Han population in Nanjing area.
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The microbial communities in a hybrid biofilm-activated sludge reactor (HY) for nitrogen and phosphorus removal were characterized by 16S rRNA-based clone libraries and phylogenetic analysis. The hybrid reactor removed over 90% of COD, 92% of total nitrogen (TN) and 95% of total phosphorus (TP) from the municipal wastewater, respectively. The mean removal rates of COD, TN, and TP in the conventional suspended activated sludge reactor were above 80%, 80% and 94%, respectively. Community structures were determined by phylogenetic analyses of six clone libraries (each nearly 100 clones). The dominant bacterial group with which clones were affiliated to the b subclass of the Proteobacteria (31%~77%), following the Bacteroidetes group (10%~34%). In addition, several clone groups affiliated with unknown bacterial assemblages were identified in the clone libraries. Acinetobacter sp., which was thought to had played an important role in phosphate removal systems, was scarcely represented by clone sequences in both libraries. Differences in community structure were observed between the hybrid reactor and activated sludge reactors. Such differences may account for the differing wastewater treating capabilities of the two different systems.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of long-term application of Shengmai Capsule (SMC) on recovery of patients after myocardial infarction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 120 myocardial infarction patients were: assigned into two groups. Changes of angina pectoris, electrocardiogram (ECG), living capacity and heart function in patients were observed after 6-month treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate in alleviating angina: pectoris was 90.0% and that in improving ECG figure was 93.3% in the treatment group, both were significantly higher than those in the control group, 73.4% and 70.0% respectively (P<0.05). The Karnofsky Performance Status scores of heart function were increased and the Activity of Daily Living scores in living capacity decreased in both groups, but the improvements were better in the treatment group (P<0.01 and P<0.05). The parameters of cardiac function, including cardiac output, stroke volume, cardiac index and ejection fraction, were increased in both groups, but the increments in the treatment group were more significant (P<0.01 or P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Long-term application of SMC could effectively prevent and treat angina pectoris, improve the living capacity and accelerate the recovery of heart function in patients after myocardial infarction.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Electrocardiography , Karnofsky Performance Status , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Myocardial Infarction , Therapeutics , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To confirm the effect of Shengmai Injection (, SMI) in improving cardiac function in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to explore its influence on inflammatory reaction in patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety ACS patients were randomized into two groups, the control group treated with conventional therapy and the SMI group treated with SMI. The patients' cardiac function was noted and the content of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in venous blood was measured before treatment and 1 week and 3 weeks after treatment, so as to observe and compare their changes between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cardiac output, stroke volume and ejection fraction in the SMI group after 3 weeks of treatment were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The serum content of hs-CRP was reduced in both groups (P<0.05), but the reduction in the SMI group was more significant than that in the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SMI could improve the cardiac function and further inhibit the inflammatory reaction in patients with ACS.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute Coronary Syndrome , Drug Therapy , C-Reactive Protein , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Heart Function Tests , Hemodynamics , Inflammation , Drug Therapy , Injections , Ventricular Function, LeftABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Shengmai injection (, SMI) on vascular endothelial and heart functions in coronary heart disease patients complicated with diabetes mellitus (CHD-DM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty patients with CHD-DM, their diagnosis confirmed by coronary arteriography, were equally randomized into a control group treated with conventional treatment and a treated group treated with conventional treatment plus SMI. The changes in blood levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II (Ang II), as well as endothelium-dependent vascular dilating function and heart function in the patients were observed before treatment and after the 3-week treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After being treated with SMI for 3 weeks, in the treated group, blood level of NO was raised significantly from 69.8 + or - 33.1 micro mol/L to 120.1 + or - 50.8 micro mol/L, and ET-1 was lowered from 70.1 + or - 32.1 ng/L to 46.2 + or - 21.3 ng/L, respectively (P<0.01); that of Ang II was lowered from 81.3 + or - 24.3 ng/L to 50.2 + or - 27.3 ng/L (P<0.01); brachial arterial post-congestion blood flow increasing rate was raised from 389.4 + or - 26.3% to 459.3 + or - 27.8% (P<0.01); and the improvement in heart function as seen through the ejection fraction (EF) was increased from 44 + or - 5% to 68 + or - 6% (P<0.01), all the changes being more significant than those in the control group (all P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SMI can improve not only the endothelial function in CHD-DM patients, but also heart contraction significantly.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Disease , Drug Therapy , Diabetes Complications , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Endothelium, Vascular , Physiology , Heart , PhysiologyABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on iron-induced toxicity in rat hearts. Langendorff perfused rat heart and enzymatically isolated cardiomyocytes were used. It was shown that lipophilic Fe-HQ reduced the contractile amplitude, velocity and end-diastolic cell length in the cardiomyocyte, while the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), +/-dp/dt(max), heart rate and coronary flow showed biphasic alterations, which increased in the first 2 min and then was followed by a decline in isolated perfused rat heart; the contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in the coronary effluent and the malondialdehyde (MDA) in the myocardium were increased. L-arginine (L-Arg), an NO precursor, reduced the contractile amplitude and end-diastolic cell length in the cardiomyocyte; but reversibly increased LVDP, +/-dp/dt(max), and coronary flow in isolated perfused rat heart. Pretreatment with L-Arg aggravated the Fe-HQ-induced decrease in contractile amplitude, velocity and end-diastolic cell length in the cardiomyocyte; LVDP, +/-dp/dt(max), heart rate and coronary flow were significantly reduced in the perfused heart, and the levels of LDH and CK increased in the coronary effluent. In contrast, the NOS inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) blocked the Fe-HQ induced change in contractile amplitude, velocity and end-diastolic cell length in the cardio- myocyte; it inhibited the decrease in LVDP, LVEDP and +/-dp/dt(max), and reduced the LDH and CK. Removing endothelial cells in coronary vessels attenuated the increase in LVDP and +/-dp/dt(max) at the beginning of Fe-HQ perfusion. It is suggested that L-Arg aggravates the iron-induced cardiac dysfunction, NO can mediate the iron-induced toxicity in heart, and endothelial cells in coronary vessels play an important role in the early stage of the effect of iron.